The Effects of Authentic Leadership on Employees’ Well-Being and the Role of Relational Cohesion

Authentic leadership has recently become a matter of significant interest in the fields of politics, economics, society, and culture as well as leadership. This study examines the effects of authentic leadership on employees’ well-being and determines whether relational cohesion can regulate the effects that occur between the two. In this regard, the study conducted empirical research with 950 employees of Korea’s leading manufacturers, public enterprises, and financial firms. The results demonstrated that team leaders’ authentic leadership increased employees’ eudaimonic well-being but did not significantly affect hedonic well-being. However, when there was a high perception of relational cohesion that showed collaborative and integrated relationships with team members, the effects of authentic leadership on employees’ well-being were significantly positive, thereby verifying the interaction effect between the two. In particular, this result stemmed from controlling the effects of transformational and ethical leadership, both of which represent conventional forms of leadership, and is thus significant. Finally, the study provided in-depth discussions on the implications of the research results for organizations and teams

Java-MaC: A Run-time Assurance Approach for Java Programs

We describe Java-MaC, a prototype implementation of the Monitoring and Checking (MaC) architecture for Java programs. The MaC architecture provides assurance that the target program is running correctly with respect to a formal requirements specification by monitoring and checking the execution of the target program at run-time. MaC bridges the gap between formal verification, which ensures the correctness of a design rather than an implementation, and testing, which does not provide formal guarantees about the correctness of the system. Use of formal requirement specifications in run-time monitoring and checking is the salient aspect of the MaC architecture. MaC is a lightweight formal method solution which works as a viable complement to the current heavyweight formal methods. In addition, analysis processes of the architecture including instrumentation of the target program, monitoring, and checking are performed fully automatically without human direction, which increases the accuracy of the analysis. Another important feature of the architecture is the clear separation between monitoring implementation-dependent low-level behaviors and checking high-level behaviors, which allows the reuse of a high-level requirement specification even when the target program implementation changes. Furthermore, this separation makes the architecture modular and allows the flexibility of incorporating third party tools into the architecture. The paper presents an overview of the MaC architecture and a prototype implementation Java-MaC

Third-order exceptional point in an ion-cavity system

We investigate a scheme for observing the third-order exceptional point (EP3) in an ion-cavity setting. In the lambda-type level configuration, the ion is driven by a pump field, and the resonator is probed with another weak laser field. We exploit the highly asymmetric branching ratio of an ion's excited state to satisfy the weak-excitation limit, which allows us to construct the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian $(H_{\textrm{nH}})$. Via fitting the cavity-transmission spectrum, the eigenvalues of $H_{\textrm{nH}}$ are obtained. The EP3 appears at a point where the Rabi frequency of the pump laser and the atom-cavity coupling constant balance the loss rates of the system. Feasible experimental parameters are provided.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

Ion trap with gold-plated alumina: substrate and surface characterization

We describe a complete development process of a segmented-blade linear ion trap. Alumina substrate is characterized with an X-ray diffraction and loss-tangent measurement. The blade is laser-micromachined and polished, followed by the sputtering and gold electroplating. Surface roughness is examined at each step of the fabrication via both electron and optical microscopies. On the gold-plated facet, we obtain a height deviation of tens of nanometers in the vicinity of the ion position. Trapping of laser-cooled $^{174}$Yb$^{+}$ ions is demonstrated.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

A Retrospective Look at the Monitoring and Checking (MaC) Framework

The Monitoring and Checking (MaC) project gave rise to a framework for runtime monitoring with respect to formally specified properties, which later came to be known as runtime verification. The project also built a pioneering runtime verification tool, Java-MaC, that was an instantiation of the approach to check properties of Java programs. In this retrospective, we discuss decisions made in the design of the framework and summarize lessons learned in the course of the project

THEMIS: A Tool for Decentralized Monitoring Algorithms

International audienceTHEMIS is a tool to facilitate the design, development, and analysis of decentralized monitoring algorithms; developed using Java and AspectJ. It consists of a library and command-line tools. THEMIS provides an API, data structures and measures for decentralized monitoring. These building blocks can be reused or extended to modify existing algorithms, design new more intricate algorithms, and elaborate new approaches to assess existing algorithms. We illustrate the usage of THEMIS by comparing two variants of a monitoring algorithm

Information extraction for run -time formal analysis

The rapid increase in the significance of software systems has made software assurance a critical requirement in the information age. Formal verification of system design and testing system implementation with a variety of inputs have been used for this purpose. However, verifying a design cannot guarantee the correctness of an implementation. Although testing is performed on an implementation, it does not give formal guarantees because it is impossible to test exhaustively. We propose a complementary solution to the weaknesses of formal verification and testing by monitoring execution of a program and checking its correctness against formally specified properties at run-time. We call this methodology run-time formal analysis. Run-time formal analysis aims to assure the correctness of the current execution at run-time. Run-time formal analysis is performed based on a formal specification of system requirements. We investigate general issues for run-time formal analysis. We show that the set of properties that run-time formal analysis can detect is a subset of safety properties. Furthermore, we show that the checking of a property written in an expressive specification language such as CCS is NP-complete due to nondeterminism. Finally, we discuss the abstraction of the program execution for reducing the amount of data being monitored and analyzed. We have designed a Monitoring and Checking (MaC) architecture for run-time formal analysis. A salient aspect of the MaC architecture is the use of a formal requirement specification to check run-time execution of the target program. For specifying formal requirements, we have designed the Primitive Event Definition Language (PEDL) and the Meta Event Definition Language (MEDL). Another important aspect of the MaC architecture is its flexibility. The architecture clearly separates monitoring implementation-dependent low-level behavior and checking high-level behavior with regard to formal requirement specifications. This modularity allows the architecture to be extended for broad target application areas. In addition, the architecture instruments the target program and analyzes the execution of the target program automatically based on given formal requirement specifications. We have implemented a MaC prototype for Java programs called Java-MaC and showed the effectiveness of the MaC architecture through several case studies. The main thesis of this dissertation is that run-time formal analysis can assure users of the correctness of software systems in a practical manner that is flexible, automatic, and easy to use. This dissertation describes the issues and design solution of the MaC architecture to support this thesis

Information Extraction for Run-time Formal Analysis

The significance of software systems has rapidly increased. The assurance of software systems has become a critical requirement of the information age. Formal verification on the design of a system and testing on a system implementation with a variety of inputs has been used for this purpose. However, verifying a design can not guarantee the correctness of an implementation. Although testing is performed on implementation, it does not give formal guarantees because it is not possible to test exhaustively. Run-time formal analysis is proposed to combat the weaknesses of formal verification and testing. Run-time formal analysis aims to assure the correctness of the current execution at run-time. Run-time formal analysis is performed based on a formal specification of system requirements. This dissertation proposes a framework for run-time formal analysis. We investigate general issues for the framework. We show that a set of the properties run-time formal analysis can detect is a subset..