Colour-encoded electroluminescent white light-emitting diode Eenabled by Perovskite-Cu-In-S quantum composites

Solution-processed quantum dot (QD) white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) have received much attention as a viable light source in the next-generation large-area ambient lighting, flexible photonics and full-colour display backlighting technologies. Attributable to their solution processibility, tunable colour temperature, high quantum efficiency and high photostability, considerable research efforts have been spent on accumulating new insights into the materials and device architecture design for high-performance QD WLEDs. At present, prevalent research on WLEDs focuses on using QDs as a photoluminescence colour converter or using purely narrow linewidth QD LEDs to complement white colour spectra, which is not energy efficient as well as challenging to achieve Eye Comfort ambient colour coding. Herein, a quantum composite made from hybridising perovskite (CsPbBr3 and CsPb(Br1-xClx)3) and CuInS2 (CIS) QDs is proposed as a colour-encoded electroluminescence layer, which underpins good white colour temperature and bias stability for ambient lighting. Instead of using solely sharp emission QDs to match the white light spectra, broad light emission spectrum CIS QDs are used for colour temperature toning. In addition, the mixed-halide perovskite CsPb(Br1-xClx)3 QDs are successfully synthesised through a noninvasive halide ion exchange method associated with trimethylsilyl chloride additives, which provide a good colour purity in blue and green electroluminescence region. This rational-designed QD composites enable the as-prepared WLED electroluminescence spectra to match the ideal ambient light Commission International de l’Éclairage 1931 (CIE) colour coordinates with a mean value of 0.33, 0.34. Moreover, as-prepared WLEDs show a turn-on voltage of 4 V with negligibly small leakage current, good colour stability and electrical bias tolerance even under a broad range of driving voltages. Our results herald the advent of molecular level hybridisation of different quantum materials for high-performance electroluminescence white colour toning

Improving the electrical stability of a‐IGZO TFT through gate surround structures

Abstract This paper delves into a structural modification of dual‐gate oxide thin film transistor (TFT). Diverging from the conventional dual‐gate TFT structure, the authors’ approach connects the bottom and top gate electrodes, effectively enveloping all four sides of the a‐IGZO channel. This shielding configuration ensures stable operation, even under light illumination. Moreover, capitalizing on the stability under light conditions, the authors observed a remarkable threefold improvement in the mobility of the fabricated TFT with this proposed structure, resulting in a substantial 156% increase in current. Furthermore, in the negative bias illumination stress test, the proposed TFT exhibited minimal fluctuations when compared to its single‐gate counterpart, further underscoring its exceptional and robust performance

Spontaneous Improvement of Radiographic Indices for Idiopathic Planovalgus with Age

Background: The prevalence of idiopathic planovalgus decreases with age among children and adolescents. Previous studies have provided averages of radiographic indices for different age groups but not information about the rate of spontaneous correction and the affecting factors. The aim of this study was to estimate the rate of spontaneous improvement of radiographic indices of idiopathic planovalgus through the application of a linear mixed model. Methods: We included patients with idiopathic planovalgus who were no older than the age of fifteen years, who had had two or more weight-bearing foot radiographs made, and who were followed for more than one year. The talonavicular coverage angle, the anteroposterior talus-first metatarsal angle, the calcaneal pitch angle, and the lateral talus-first metatarsal angle were measured on the radiographs. The rate of angular correction was adjusted by multiple factors with the use of a linear mixed model, with sex and laterality as the fixed effects and age and each subject as the random effects. Results: A total of 568 feet were included in this study, and a total of 3284 radiographs were measured. The talonavicular coverage angle was found to have decreased by 1.7 degrees per year (p < 0.001); the anteroposterior talus-first metatarsal angle, by 2.1 degrees per year (p < 0.001); and the lateral talus-first metatarsal angle, by 0.7 degrees per year (p = 0.034). The spontaneous improvement of the calcaneal pitch with aging was not significant. Conclusions: The talonavicular coverage angle and the anteroposterior talus-first metatarsal angle on anteroposterior radiographs and the lateral talus-first metatarsal angle on lateral radiographs improved as patients with idiopathic planovalgus grew older. These findings can assist in the prediction of the radiographic improvement of idiopathic planovalgus.N

Factors Associated With Bone Mineral Density and Risk of Fall in Korean Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Aged 50 Years and Older

Context: Osteoporotic fractures in subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) carry higher mortality and morbidity. Because bone strength and minor trauma, such as a falls, are considered to be significant factors contributing to osteoporotic fractures, it is important to elucidate the associated factors with these. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the factors associated with bonemineral density (BMD) and falls in noninstitutionalized subjects with DM aged 50 years or older. Design, Setting, and Patients: We used the database from the 2010 Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Subjects with DM aged 50 years or older were selected and included in the data analyses. Associated factors with BMD of the femoral neck and lumbar spine and those with falls were analyzed using multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses, respectively. Results: Three hundred sixty-two subjects [209 males; 153 females; average age, 66.0 y (SD 8.2 y)] were included. Among the male subjects, the total body muscle mass (P < .001), daily calcium intake (P = .001), ALP levels (P = .007), and body mass index (P = .027) were significantly associated with femoral neck BMD, whereas body mass index (P = .001) and ALP levels (P = .040) were associated with lumbar spine BMD. Among the female subjects, age (P < .001), daily calcium intake (P = .011) and total body muscle mass (P = .023) were found to be significantly associated factors with femoral neck BMD, whereas age (P < .001) and body mass index (P = .012) and daily calcium intake (P = .040) were those with lumbar spine BMD. Osteoarthritis (P = .024) and total body muscle mass (P = .028) were found to be significantly associated with the risk of falls. Conclusions: Total body muscle mass was the most prominent factor predicting femoral neck BMD and risk of falls in community-dwelling elderly subjects with DM. Further investigation is required to determine their role in preventing osteoporotic fractures in diabetic subjects.Y

Gender- and body-site-specific factors associated with bone mineral density in a non-institutionalized Korean population aged aged >= 50 years

The aim of this study was to investigate the gender- and body-site-specific factors associated with bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck and lumbar spine in a non-institutionalized population aged aged >= 50 years characterized by low average calcium intake. The comprehensive data utilized were from the 2010 Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which included health behavior questionnaire, blood and urine tests, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and nutrition intake. The factors associated with BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine in both genders were analyzed separately using multiple regression analysis with a step-wise selection. The average daily calcium intake in the male subjects was 565.8 mg and in the female subjects was 443.7 mg. In multiple regression analysis, age, body mass index (BMI), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lead, daily calcium intake, and cadmium were the significant factors associated with femoral neck BMD in male subjects. BMI, creatinine (Cr), total body fat percentile, lead, ALP, and hypertension were found to be the significant factors associated with lumbar spine BMD in male subjects. In the female subjects, the significant factors associated with femoral neck BMD were age, BMI, ALP, house income, and total body fat percentile, while menopause, Cr, mercury, house income, BMI, and ALP were found to be the significant factors associated with lumbar spine BMD. In conclusion, different factors were associated with BMD depending on gender and the body site tested (femoral neck or lumbar spine). These gender- and body-site-specific factors need to be considered for the prevention and management of osteoporosis.N

Risk Factors Associated with Amputation-Free Survival in Patient with Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Purpose: To determine the 1-year survival rate, 1-year amputation-free survival rate and the risk factors of amputation for patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Materials and Methods: One hundred seventy-three patients with diabetic foot ulcers were included in our study. Mean patient age was 67.5 (range, 29 to 87, SD +/- 11.4) years. 74% of the patients were male. Time from study entry to amputation and time to death were evaluated separately as censored event times by Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was carried out for determining the risk factors of amputation. Results: The survival rate and amputation-free survival rate were 96.5% (n=167), 65.9% (n=114), respectively, over one year study period. Severity of ulcer was the strongest significant risk factor of amputation [hazard ratio (BR): 7.99; confidence interval (CI): 3.12 to 20.47]. Peripheral artery disease was also independent risk factor of amputation (BR: 2.64; CI: 1.52 to 4.59). Conclusion: In assessing the prognosis of diabetic foot ulcers, clinicians should consider the severity of ulcer and presence of peripheral artery disease. Our study provides important insights into clinical practice and supplementary information for both physicians and patients.Y