Diagnosis of Scalp Disorders using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approach -- A Review

The morbidity of scalp diseases is minuscule compared to other diseases, but the impact on the patient's life is enormous. It is common for people to experience scalp problems that include Dandruff, Psoriasis, Tinea-Capitis, Alopecia and Atopic-Dermatitis. In accordance with WHO research, approximately 70% of adults have problems with their scalp. It has been demonstrated in descriptive research that hair quality is impaired by impaired scalp, but these impacts are reversible with early diagnosis and treatment. Deep Learning advances have demonstrated the effectiveness of CNN paired with FCN in diagnosing scalp and skin disorders. In one proposed Deep-Learning-based scalp inspection and diagnosis system, an imaging microscope and a trained model are combined with an app that classifies scalp disorders accurately with an average precision of 97.41%- 99.09%. Another research dealt with classifying the Psoriasis using the CNN with an accuracy of 82.9%. As part of another study, an ML based algorithm was also employed. It accurately classified the healthy scalp and alopecia areata with 91.4% and 88.9% accuracy with SVM and KNN algorithms. Using deep learning models to diagnose scalp related diseases has improved due to advancements i computation capabilities and computer vision, but there remains a wide horizon for further improvements

Utjecaj stresa zbog sputavanja i odvajanja na razinu kortizola u plazmi karakulskih ovnova.

The investigation was carried out to study the effect of Restraint and Isolation Stress (RIS) on plasma cortisol hormonal profile in male Karakul sheep. To carry out the objectives of this study six apparently healthy male adult animals were subjected to restraint and isolation stress. The blood samples were collected and analysed at control or pre-stress condition and on 1st, 2nd and 3rd day of RIS, respectively. A highly significant (P≤0.01) effect of RIS on plasma cortisol with increasing trend was observed.Istražen je učinak stresa zbog sputavanja i odvajanja na razinu kortizola u plazmi karakulskih ovnova. U pokus je uzeto šest klinički zdravih odraslih ovnova koji su bili podvrgnuti stresu zbog sputavanja i izolacije. Uzorci krvi bili su pretraženi prije podvrgavanja stresu te prvi, drugi i treći dan stresa. Ustanovljen je značajno velik (P≤0,01) učinak stresa na razinu kortizola u plazmi s trendom povećanja

Utjecaj stresa zbog sputavanja i odvajanja na razinu kortizola u plazmi karakulskih ovnova.

The investigation was carried out to study the effect of Restraint and Isolation Stress (RIS) on plasma cortisol hormonal profile in male Karakul sheep. To carry out the objectives of this study six apparently healthy male adult animals were subjected to restraint and isolation stress. The blood samples were collected and analysed at control or pre-stress condition and on 1st, 2nd and 3rd day of RIS, respectively. A highly significant (P≤0.01) effect of RIS on plasma cortisol with increasing trend was observed.Istražen je učinak stresa zbog sputavanja i odvajanja na razinu kortizola u plazmi karakulskih ovnova. U pokus je uzeto šest klinički zdravih odraslih ovnova koji su bili podvrgnuti stresu zbog sputavanja i izolacije. Uzorci krvi bili su pretraženi prije podvrgavanja stresu te prvi, drugi i treći dan stresa. Ustanovljen je značajno velik (P≤0,01) učinak stresa na razinu kortizola u plazmi s trendom povećanja

Utjecaj pokusno izazvanog hipotireoidizma na jetrenu i bubrežnu funkciju u ovnova u suhom tropskom okolišu.

Crop residues are rich in thiourea content, on account of the indiscriminate use of thiourea as a fertilizer. It is interesting to investigate the impact of thiorea feeding on liver and kidney functions in adult sheep. Experimental hypothyroidism was induced by per os feeding of thiourea to nine adult Marwari rams. Prior to the start of the trial, plasma levels of thyroxin (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amminotransferase (ALT), glucose, protein, A/G ratio, BUN and creatinine were assessed to establish control values. The clinical profile of the rams and evaluation of the above parameters were conducted on Days 3, 5 and 7 post thiourea feeding. At the end of the experiment a decrease in respiration, heart rate, temperature and feed intake were observed. A significant fall in T4 and glucose was observed on day 7, whereas a significant increase in TSH, ALP, AST and ALT were observed. The elevation in protein, BUN and creatinine concentrations was not much significant. The altered hormone profile revealed the hypofunction of the thyroid gland. The increased concentration of enzymes revealed bile duct hyperplasia, damage to hepatocytes and the biliary network. Further, a shift in metabolic profile suggested low energy intake and depressed growth. In conclusion, thiourea feeding induces hypothyroidism, generalized oxygen starvation at tissue level and disturbs hepatic and renal functions.Žetvene kulture sadrže ostatke tioureje, zbog njezine nerazborite uporabe kao gnojiva. Zbog toga je bilo vrijedno istražiti utjecaj dodataka tioureje na funkciju jetre i bubrega u odraslih ovaca. Hipotireoidizam je bio pokusno izazvan peroralnim davanjem tioureje u devet odraslih ovnova pasmine Marwari. Prije početka pokusa određene su kontrolne vrijednosti razina tiroksina (T4) u plazmi, tireostimulirajućeg hormona (TSH), alkalne fosfataze (ALP), aspartat-aminotransferaze (AST), alanin-aminotransferaze (ALT), glukoze, proteina, omjera A/G, ureje i nitrata u krvi (BUN) te kreatinina. Klinički nalaz u ovnova i prosudba navedenih pokazatelja razmatrani su 3. 5. i 7. dana nakon davanja tioureje. Na kraju pokusa ustanovljena je smanjena frekvencija disanja, smanjeni broj otkucaja srca, tjelesna temperatura i smanjeno uzimanje hrane. Značajan pad razine T4 i glukoze zapažen je 7. dana nakon davanja, dok su se vrijednosti za TSH, ALP, AST i ALT značajno povećale. Povećanje koncentracije proteina, BUN i kreatinina nije bilo signifikantno. Promjene u sadržaju hormona upućuju na hipofunkciju štitnjače. Povećana koncentracija enzima upućuje na hiperplaziju žučovoda, oštećenje hepatocita i žučovodne mreže. Nadalje, promjene u metabolizmu govore o smanjenom unosu energije i smanjenom rastu. Zaključno se može reći da davanje tioureje u hrani dovodi do hipotireoidizma, općeg nedostatka kisika u tkivima i poremećaja funkcije jetre i bubrega

A Machine to Machine framework for the charging of Electric Autonomous Vehicles

Electric Autonomous Vehicles (EAVs) have gained increasing attention of industry, governments and scientific communities concerned about issues related to classic transportation including accidents and casualties, gas emissions and air pollution, intensive traffic and city viability. One of the aspects, however, that prevent a broader adoption of this technology is the need for human interference to charge EAVs, which is still mostly manual and time-consuming. This study approaches such a problem by introducing the Inno-EAV, an open-source charging framework for EAVs that employs machine-to-machine (M2M) distributed communication. The idea behind M2M is to have networked devices that can interact, exchange information and perform actions without any manual assistance of humans. The advantages of the Inno-EAV include the automation of charging processes and the collection of relevant data that can support better decision making in the spheres of energy distribution. In this paper, we present the software design of the framework, the development process, the emphasis on the distributed architecture and the networked communication, and we discuss the back-end database that is used to store information about car owners, cars, and charging stations

Fleet-Level Environmental Assessments for Feasibility of Aviation Emission Reduction Goals

13-C-AJFE-PU-013This is an open access paper under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Please cite this article as: Ogunsina, K.E., Chao, H., Kolencherry, N.J., Jain, S., Moolchandani, K.A., DeLaurentis, D., & Crossley, W.A. (2022). Fleet-Level Environmental Assessments for Feasibility of Aviation Emission Reduction Goals. ArXiv, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2210.11302The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is one of several organizations that have presented goals for future CO2 emissions from commercial aviation with the intent of alleviating the associated environmental impacts. These goals include attaining carbon-neutral growth in the year 2020 and total aviation CO2 emissions in 2050 equal to 50% of 2005 aviation CO2 emissions. This paper presents the use of a simulation-based approach to predict future CO2 emissions from commercial aviation based upon a set of scenarios developed as part of the Aircraft Technology Modeling and Assessment project within ASCENT, the FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and the Environment. Results indicate that, in future scenarios with increasing demand for air travel, it is difficult to reduce CO2 emissions in 2050 to levels equal to or below 2005 levels, although neutral CO2 growth after 2020 may be possible. Presented at the Council of Engineering Systems Universities (CESUN) conference in 201

Subject Areas of Geotechnological Engineering (GE) with Case Studies W.R.T. Indian Scenario. Case Study of Recharging Surface Ground Water at Source, Ensuring No Contamination of Water (A GE Subject)

Engineering Geology, Geophysics, Hydrology and Geochemistry are Main Benches of Geotechnical Engineering. Field Areas are:- Foundation Engineering, Excavation & Tunneling, Embankments and Dams, Improvement of Soft Soil Ground & Sub Grade System (Railways Highways), Disposal of Wastes (Land Fills, Tailings), Landslides, Earthquake-Geotechnology, Environmental Geotechnology Quality Evaluation of Existing Facilities, & Under Ground Construction. India has vast land area of about 3.4 million Sq.km. with in length of about 4000 km, with all fields of soil mechanics & rock mechanics. Case histories of all subjects of Geotechnical Engineering exists in India from north to south [Himalayan area in north to Indian ocean & Arabian ocean in south]. Case study of environment improvement through recharging surface water at source in ground, up to static water table and drilling upto 165 feet depth below ground level upto schist strata (check on water contamination)- in Partap Nagar, Area of Jaipur city of India has been selected, with details of Litholog& pipe assembly. Silent features & benefits of the system are also depicted. The complete system has been checked w.r.t. sub surface geological strata and type of rain harvesting structure for charging deep aquifer, fluoride concentration check, nitrate concentration check and total dissolved solids, to ensure there is no water contamination, when it reaches into aquifer. This will add to augmentation of ground water resources also. Also a brief case study of failure & retrofitting of under ground circular water tank of 6m.diameter, vertical height of 3.7 m & water capacity of 270kl has been discussed

Human Intent for Dynamic, Rapid Motions in Unstructured Environments

Struck-by threats are a leading cause of injury in unstructured, dangerous environments. Human operators must perform agile, dynamic responses in a direction of travel in order to escape any risk of injury from oncoming threats (threat-evasion). Smart robotics, specifically wearable robots, show great promise in augmenting human performance of evading oncoming threats by leveraging the agility of the human operators, while maintaining their safety in the environment. There is a lack of understanding on how to apply assistance through a wearable device for dynamic, nonlinear motions, such as threat-evasion. This thesis addresses a variety of techniques to model the highly-dimensional motion of threat-evasion using human intent in order to inform the development of potential assistance models. A human-subjects experiment was conducted to collect an array of sensor information of a subject performing threat-evasion in 8 directions of travel. The first aim of this work is to design, optimize, and validate an intent recognition system that predicts the start of threat-evasive movement and estimates an operator’s direction of travel. This work leads to understanding how to customize assistance for threat-evasion. Utilizing center of mass kinematics and joint-level biomechanics, the second aim of this work reduces the dimensionality of threat-evasion from the first aim by using human motion primitives. The findings demonstrate the best assistance strategy for augmenting human performance during threat-evasion.M.S