The Modern Trolley Problem: Ethical and Economically-Sound Liability Schemes for Autonomous Vehicles

The paper synthesizes modern scholarship in the fields of Artificial Intelligence law, Ethics, Corporate Liability, and Economics to develop potential liability schemes that the automotive and insurance industries may impose when autonomous vehicles eventually come to dominate the roadways. By addressing the issues of whom the autonomous vehicle’s AI protects and who bears liability in the event of an accident—two issues that this author believes are critical to the successful adoption of autonomous vehicle technology—the transition from human drivers to AI drivers will be less contentious. Because of the prescient nature of the topic, as well as a discussion of the intersectionality of Law, Technology, Philosophy, and Economics, this paper will appeal to a broad readership, especially those interested in autonomous vehicle technology and the implications that their wide-spread use will have on the law

Mind as a Way you Love Truth: A Philosophical Appraisal of Mind by Jiddu Krishnamurti

Krishnamurti believes that Man can come to truth neither through any organization, through any creed, through any dogma, priest or ritual, nor through any philosophic knowledge or psychological technique. He has to find it through the mirror of relationship, through the understanding of the contents of his own mind, through observation and not through intellectual analysis or introspective dissection. Man has built in himself images as a fence of security - religious, political, personal. These manifest as symbols, ideas, beliefs. The burden of these images dominates man's thinking, his relationships and his daily life. These images are the causes of our problems for they divide man from man. His perception of life is shaped by the concepts already established in his mind. The content of his consciousness is his entire existence. This content is common to all humanity. When man becomes aware of the movement of his own thoughts he will see the division between the thinker and the thought, the observer and the observed, the experiencer and the experience

Difficulty Classification of Mountainbike Downhill Trails utilizing Deep Neural Networks

The difficulty of mountainbike downhill trails is a subjective perception. However, sports-associations and mountainbike park operators attempt to group trails into different levels of difficulty with scales like the Singletrail-Skala (S0-S5) or colored scales (blue, red, black, ...) as proposed by The International Mountain Bicycling Association. Inconsistencies in difficulty grading occur due to the various scales, different people grading the trails, differences in topography, and more. We propose an end-to-end deep learning approach to classify trails into three difficulties easy, medium, and hard by using sensor data. With mbientlab Meta Motion r0.2 sensor units, we record accelerometer- and gyroscope data of one rider on multiple trail segments. A 2D convolutional neural network is trained with a stacked and concatenated representation of the aforementioned data as its input. We run experiments with five different sample- and five different kernel sizes and achieve a maximum Sparse Categorical Accuracy of 0.9097. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work targeting computational difficulty classification of mountainbike downhill trails.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Mothers\u27 Perceptions of Ability in Children with Intellectual Disability and Mother-Child Connectedness

The mother-child relationship is important in the development of children, especially for children with intellectual disabilities who may have specific needs. Understanding the nuances, such as the closeness of the mother-child relationship for children with intellectual disabilities, is often overlooked even though more than 3 million children under 18 were reported to have an intellectual disability in 2019. Still, very few studies have focused on the relationship between mothers with children with an intellectual disability. With the rise in services provided due to developmental disabilities in children, there was a need to examine mothers’ perceptions of the ability level in their children with an intellectual disability and how these perceptions affect the mother-child relationship. A quantitative nonexperimental methodology using a purposive sample of mothers with children aged 8–12 who were previously diagnosed with intellectual disability (N = 34) was used for this investigation. The NIH Toolbox Parent Report Self-Efficacy Scale (NIH Toolbox) and the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) were the instruments used to collect data for the independent variable, mothers’ perception, and the outcome variable, mother-child connectedness, respectively. Data were collected on the Survey Monkey platform. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the differences between two groups of mothers’ perceptions and mother-child connectedness. The one-way Welsh ANOVA, a modified version of the ANOVA, reported no statistical significance between the two groups of mothers, Welsh’s F(1, 3.126) = 6.166, p = .086. This result suggests that there is no association between how connected a mother feels toward her child with an intellectual disability and the number of functional impairments that she endorses for that child. Recommendations for future research are indicated

The Modern Trolley Problem: Ethical and Economically-Sound Liability Schemes for Autonomous Vehicles

The paper synthesizes modern scholarship in the fields of Artificial Intelligence law, Ethics, Corporate Liability, and Economics to develop potential liability schemes that the automotive and insurance industries may impose when autonomous vehicles eventually come to dominate the roadways. By addressing the issues of whom the autonomous vehicle’s AI protects and who bears liability in the event of an accident—two issues that this author believes are critical to the successful adoption of autonomous vehicle technology—the transition from human drivers to AI drivers will be less contentious. Because of the prescient nature of the topic, as well as a discussion of the intersectionality of Law, Technology, Philosophy, and Economics, this paper will appeal to a broad readership, especially those interested in autonomous vehicle technology and the implications that their wide-spread use will have on the law

Locus of control and religious motivation of the candidates of Sacred Heart Congregation, India

This study investigates the correlation between the locus of control and the religious motivation of the religious candidates of Sacred Heart Congregation in India. The descriptive comparative research design was used. Data were collected through the use of two questionnaires: the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale (Rotter, 1966) and the Religious Motivation Questionnaire (Menquito, 1991). The research participants were 22 aspirants, 18 postulants and 42 novices from Thalassery province of Sacred Heart Congregation, India. Their ages ranged from 16 to 28 years. Mean and standard deviation were computed to obtain the locus of control and religious motivation of the candidates. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences in the locus of control and religious motivation of the three groups--aspirants, postulants, and novices. Pearson r product moment correlation was computed to determine the relationship between locus of control and religious motivation.A significant difference in the locus of control and religious motivation was seen. As the candidates underwent higher levels of formation, significant differences were found among the three groups in terms of their locus of control. There was a significant difference in the overall religious motivation of the aspirants, postulants and novices. A significant relationship was observed between locus of control and religious motivation. As the internal locus of control increased, religious motivation also increased. Based on the findings, the following recommendations are made:1. More importance should be given to training the candidates in internal locus of control as well as in the motive of Christian perfection 2. A comparative study of the different provinces should be done and,3. Before admitting them to the formation program, the candidates need to be tested for their locus of control and religious motivation