Pasture Dynamics after Sodseeding Cool Season Species with or without Glyphosate in Subtropical Natural Grasslands

This trial was conducted to evaluate vegetation dynamics of natural grasslands fertilized and sodseeded with the cool season species Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), white clover (Trifolium repens) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) with or without glyphosate. Treatments that included herbicide spraying on natural vegetation caused a substitution of perennial grasses by undesirable species, and did not show a significant contribution of introduced species. Andropogon lateralis, Paspalum notatum, Paspalum dilatatum and Paspalum plicatulum almost disappeared, and were replaced by Chaptalia nutans and Apium spp, among others

Aplicação localizada de herbicidas para controle de alecrim-do-campo (Vernonia nudiflora) em pastagem natural.

Resumo: Para avaliar o controle de alecrim-do-campo (Vernonia nudiflora) com aplicação de herbicidas de contato, foi conduzido durante 353 dias, um experimento com delineamento de parcelas subdivididas, dispostas em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições em um arranjo fatorial (5x3)+1, sendo cinco herbicidas em três doses mais a testemunha. As parcelas corresponderam aos herbicidas, com doses de 1,5; 3,0 e 4,5 L ha-1 de Tordon, Aminol 806, Garlon, Grazon e Plenum. A abundância de V. nudiflora foi avaliada antes da aplicação e 60 e 353 dias após. A aplicação foi feita com ?roçadeira química? tratorizada, consistindo em uma plataforma com bandejas com altura regulável, que entra em contato somente com as plantas alvo. Os herbicidas não diferiram quanto à redução na abundância do alecrim e todos reduziram significativamente mais que a testemunha. Os tratamentos não interferiram na frequência na composição de espécies desejáveis no campo nativo. O uso do aplicador químico é eficaz para o controle, mesmo com baixas concentrações de herbicidas, tendo eficácia na redução do alecrim-do-campo e preservando as espécies desejáveis para a produção animal. [Located herbicide application to control alecrim-do-campo (Vernonia nudiflora) in natural grassland]. Abstract: To evaluate the control of alecrim-do-campo (Vernonia nudiflora) with contact herbicides, an experiment was conducted during 353 days, following a split plot block design, with three replicates in a (5x3)+1 factorial arrangement, being five herbicides in three doses and the control. The plots corresponded to the herbicides, with doses of 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 L ha-1 of Tordon, Aminol 806, Garlon, Grazon e Plenum. The presence of V. nudiflora was evaluated prior to application and 60 and 353 days after. The application was made using a chemical applicator, which consists of a platform of adjustable height that contacts only the target plant. The herbicides did not differ in reducing the abundance of V. nudiflora and all of them reduced significantly more than the control. The chemical applicator was effective to control alecrim-do-campo, even with low herbicide concentrations, reducing the Vernonia abundance and not being harmful to the native desirable species

Controle de espécies indesejáveis e preservação de leguminosas de campo nativo com aplicação localizada de herbicidas.

Resumo: Para avaliar o efeito da aplicação localizada de herbicidas por contato, em Desmodium incanum, foi conduzido este estudo pelo período de 353 dias. O delineamento experimental foi de parcelas subdivididas, dispostas em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições em um arranjo fatorial [(5x3)+1], sendo cinco herbicidas mais a testemunha e três épocas de avaliação. As parcelas corresponderam aos herbicidas, locados na dose de 1,5 L ha-1 de Tordon, Aminol 806, Garlon, Grazon e Plenum, sendo compostas por oito quadros dispostos sobre uma transecta fixa. Realizou-se um levantamento prévio ao experimento, e dois levantamentos subseqüentes aos 60 e 365 dias apos a aplicação. A planta indesejável mais frequente era Vernonia nudiflora. Para aplicação dos herbicidas utilizou-se uma 'roçadeira química' tratorizada, consistindo em uma plataforma com bandejas com altura regulável, que entra em contato somente com as plantas alvo. O uso do aplicador químico foi eficaz para o controle de espécies indesejáveis além de não interferir na frequência do Desmodium incanum, sendo interessante a limpeza seletiva e preservação da flora nativa. [Weed control and preservation of native legumes species in natural grassland by herbicide localized application] Abstract: To evaluate the effect of localized application of herbicides by contact, in Desmodium incanum, this trial was conducted during a period of 353 days. The experimental design was a split plot arranged in a randomized block design with three replications in a factorial arrangement [(5x3) +1], five herbicides plus the control and three evaluation periods. The plots corresponded to herbicides, doses were locate: 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 L ha -1 of Tordon, Aminol 806, Garlon, Grazon e Plenum, being composed by 8 tables arranged on a fixed line. Prior to application, was made a survey, another in 60 and 353 days after application. For the herbicides application, was used a chemical applicator, which consists in an adjustable height platform, and it is contact is only with the target plant. The use of chemical applicator was effective for controlling undesirable species besides not interfere on Desmodium incanum frequency besides being interesting for selective cleaning and preservation of the native vegetation

Controle de espécies indesejáveis e preservação de leguminosas de campo nativo com aplicação localizada de herbicidas

To evaluate the effect of localized application of herbicides by contact, in Desmodium incanum, this trial was conducted during a period of 353 days. The experimental design was a split plot arranged in a randomized block design with three replications in a factorial arrangement [(5x3) +1], five herbicides plus the control and three evaluation periods. The plots corresponded to herbicides, doses were locate: 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 L ha -1 of Tordon, Aminol 806, Garlon, Grazon e Plenum, being composed by 8 tables arranged on a fixed line. Prior to application, was made a survey, another in 60 and 353 days after application. For the herbicides application, was used a chemical applicator, which consists in an adjustable height platform, and it is contact is only with the target plant. The use of chemical applicator was effective for controlling undesirable species besides not interfere on Desmodium incanum frequency besides being interesting for selective cleaning and preservation of the native vegetation.Para avaliar o efeito da aplicação localizada de herbicidas por contato, em Desmodium incanum, foi conduzido este estudo pelo período de 353 dias. O delineamento experimental foi de parcelas subdivididas, dispostas em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições em um arranjo fatorial [(5x3)+1], sendo cinco herbicidas mais a testemunha e três épocas de avaliação. As parcelas corresponderam aos herbicidas, locados na dose de 1,5 L ha-1 de Tordon, Aminol 806, Garlon, Grazon e Plenum, sendo compostas por oito quadros dispostos sobre uma transecta fixa. Realizou-se um levantamento prévio ao experimento, e dois levantamentos subseqüentes aos 60 e 365 dias apos a aplicação. A planta indesejável mais frequente era Vernonia nudiflora. Para aplicação dos herbicidas utilizou-se uma “roçadeira química” tratorizada, consistindo em uma plataforma com bandejas com altura regulável, que entra em contato somente com as plantas alvo. O uso do aplicador químico foi eficaz para o controle de espécies indesejáveis além de não interferir na frequência do Desmodium incanum, sendo interessante a limpeza seletiva e preservação da flora nativa

Aplicação localizada de herbicidas para controle de alecrim-do-campo (vernonia nudiflora) em pastagem natural

To evaluate the control of alecrim-do-campo (Vernonia nudiflora) with contact herbicides, an experiment was conducted during 353 days, following a split plot block design, with three replicates in a (5x3)+1 factorial arrangement, being five herbicides in three doses and the control. The plots corresponded to the herbicides, with doses of 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 L ha-1 of Tordon, Aminol 806, Garlon, Grazon e Plenum. The presence of V. nudiflora was evaluated prior to application and 60 and 353 days after. The application was made using a chemical applicator, which consists of a platform of adjustable height that contacts only the target plant. The herbicides did not differ in reducing the abundance of V. nudiflora and all of them reduced significantly more than the control. The chemical applicator was effective to control alecrim-do-campo, even with low herbicide concentrations, reducing the Vernonia abundance and not being harmful to the native desirable species.Para avaliar o controle de alecrim-do-campo (Vernonia nudiflora) com aplicação de herbicidas de contato, foi conduzido durante 353 dias, um experimento com delineamento de parcelas subdivididas, dispostas em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições em um arranjo fatorial (5x3)+1, sendo cinco herbicidas em três doses mais a testemunha. As parcelas corresponderam aos herbicidas, com doses de 1,5; 3,0 e 4,5 L.ha-1 de Tordon, Aminol 806, Garlon, Grazon e Plenum. A abundância de V. nudiflora foi avaliada antes da aplicação e 60 e 353 dias após. A aplicação foi feita com “roçadeira química” tratorizada, consistindo em uma plataforma com bandejas com altura regulável, que entra em contato somente com as plantas alvo. Os herbicidas não diferiram quanto à redução na abundância do alecrim e todos reduziram significativamente mais que a testemunha. Os tratamentos não interferiram na frequência na composição de espécies desejáveis no campo nativo. O uso do aplicador químico é eficaz para o controle, mesmo com baixas concentrações de herbicidas, tendo eficácia na redução do alecrim-do-campo e preservando as espécies desejáveis para a produção animal

Inter-method reliability of the modified Rankin Scale in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is one of the most frequently used outcome measures in trials in patients with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The assessment method of the mRS is often not clearly described in trials, while the method used might influence the mRS score. The aim of this study is to evaluate the inter-method reliability of different assessment methods of the mRS. METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized, multicenter study with follow-up at 6 weeks and 6 months. Patients aged ≥ 18 years with aSAH were randomized to either a structured interview or a self-assessment of the mRS. Patients were seen by a physician who assigned an mRS score, followed by either the structured interview or the self-assessment. Inter-method reliability was assessed with the quadratic weighted kappa score and percentage of agreement. Assessment of feasibility of the self-assessment was done by a feasibility questionnaire. RESULTS: The quadratic weighted kappa was 0.60 between the assessment of the physician and structured interview and 0.56 between assessment of the physician and self-assessment. Percentage agreement was, respectively, 50.8 and 19.6%. The assessment of the mRS through a structured interview and by self-assessment resulted in systematically higher mRS scores than the mRS scored by the physician. Self-assessment of the mRS was proven feasible. DISCUSSION: The mRS scores obtained with different assessment methods differ significantly. The agreement between the scores is low, although the reliability between the assessment methods is good. This should be considered when using the mRS in clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.trialregister.nl; Unique identifier: NL7859. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-021-10880-4

Prevention of implant-related infections by a resorbable, antibacterial-loaded coating: a new approach

Currently studied antibacterial coatings are far from having large-scale applications, due to various limitations. A recently developed fast resorbable, antibacterial-loaded, hydrogel coating may provide a new approach to offer an effective antibacterial and antibiofilm protection to orthopedic implants

A Mouse Model of Post-Arthroplasty Staphylococcus aureus Joint Infection to Evaluate In Vivo the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Implant Coatings

Post-arthroplasty infections represent a devastating complication of total joint replacement surgery, resulting in multiple reoperations, prolonged antibiotic use, extended disability and worse clinical outcomes. As the number of arthroplasties in the U.S. will exceed 3.8 million surgeries per year by 2030, the number of post-arthroplasty infections is projected to increase to over 266,000 infections annually. The treatment of these infections will exhaust healthcare resources and dramatically increase medical costs.To evaluate novel preventative therapeutic strategies against post-arthroplasty infections, a mouse model was developed in which a bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus strain was inoculated into a knee joint containing an orthopaedic implant and advanced in vivo imaging was used to measure the bacterial burden in real-time. Mice inoculated with 5x10(3) and 5x10(4) CFUs developed increased bacterial counts with marked swelling of the affected leg, consistent with an acute joint infection. In contrast, mice inoculated with 5x10(2) CFUs developed a low-grade infection, resembling a more chronic infection. Ex vivo bacterial counts highly correlated with in vivo bioluminescence signals and EGFP-neutrophil fluorescence of LysEGFP mice was used to measure the infection-induced inflammation. Furthermore, biofilm formation on the implants was visualized at 7 and 14 postoperative days by variable-pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM). Using this model, a minocycline/rifampin-impregnated bioresorbable polymer implant coating was effective in reducing the infection, decreasing inflammation and preventing biofilm formation.Taken together, this mouse model may represent an alternative pre-clinical screening tool to evaluate novel in vivo therapeutic strategies before studies in larger animals and in human subjects. Furthermore, the antibiotic-polymer implant coating evaluated in this study was clinically effective, suggesting the potential for this strategy as a therapeutic intervention to combat post-arthroplasty infections

Patient-Reported Outcomes and Function after Surgical Repair of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Thumb

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report prospectively collected patient-reported outcomes of patients who underwent open thumb ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) repair and to find risk factors associated with poor patient-reported outcomes. Methods: Patients undergoing open surgical repair for a complete thumb UCL rupture were included between December 2011 and February 2021. Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) total scores at baseline were compared to MHQ total scores at three and 12 months after surgery. Associations between the 12-month MHQ total score and several variables (i.e., sex, injury to surgery time, K-wire immobilization) were analyzed. Results: Seventy-six patients were included. From baseline to three and 12 months after surgery, patients improved significantly with a mean MHQ total score of 65 (standard deviation [SD] 15) to 78 (SD 14) and 87 (SD 12), respectively. We did not find any differences in outcomes between patients who underwent surgery in the acute (&lt;3 weeks) setting compared to a delayed setting (&lt;6 months). Conclusions: We found that patient-reported outcomes improve significantly at three and 12 months after open surgical repair of the thumb UCL compared to baseline. We did not find an association between injury to surgery time and lower MHQ total scores. This suggests that acute repair for full-thickness UCL tears might not always be necessary. Type of study/level of evidence: Therapeutic II.</p