Reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) in young adults

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) is an instrument for measuring resilience that has shown good psychometric properties in its original version in English. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC in young adults and to verify whether it is structured in a single dimension as in the original English version.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Cross-sectional observational study including 681 university students ranging in age from 18 to 30 years. The number of latent factors in the 10 items of the scale was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify whether a single factor underlies the 10 items of the scale as in the original version in English. The convergent validity was analyzed by testing whether the mean of the scores of the mental component of SF-12 (MCS) and the quality of sleep as measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Index (PSQI) were higher in subjects with better levels of resilience. The internal consistency of the 10-item CD-RISC was estimated using the Cronbach α test and test-retest reliability was estimated with the intraclass correlation coefficient.</p> <p>The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.85 and the test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.71. The mean MCS score and the level of quality of sleep in both men and women were significantly worse in subjects with lower resilience scores.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC showed good psychometric properties in young adults and thus can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for measuring resilience. Our study confirmed that a single factor underlies the resilience construct, as was the case of the original scale in English.</p

Stability of the factorial structure of metabolic syndrome from childhood to adolescence: a 6-year follow-up study

Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors that is considered a predictor of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and mortality. There is no consistent evidence on whether the MS construct works in the same way in different populations and at different stages in life. Methods We used confirmatory factor analysis to examine if a single-factor-model including waist circumference, triglycerides/HDL-c, insulin and mean arterial pressure underlies metabolic syndrome from the childhood to adolescence in a 6-years follow-up study in 174 Swedish and 460 Estonian children aged 9 years at baseline. Indeed, we analyze the tracking of a previously validated MS index over this 6-years period. Results The estimates of goodness-of-fit for the single-factor-model underlying MS were acceptable both in children and adolescents. The construct stability of a new model including the differences from baseline to the end of the follow-up in the components of the proposed model displayed good fit indexes for the change, supporting the hypothesis of a single factor underlying MS component trends. Conclusions A single-factor-model underlying MS is stable across the puberty in both Estonian and Swedish young people. The MS index tracks acceptably from childhood to adolescence.This study was supported by grants from the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science (No 0180027 and 0942706) and the Estonian Science Foundation (No 6932 and 6788). The study was also supported by grants from the Stockholm County Council, the Spanish Ministry of Education (EX-2008-0641), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2010-05957), and the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research, the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (20090635)

Self-reported and measured cardiorespiratory fitness similarly predict cardiovascular disease risk in young adults

We aimed to (a) examine the validity and reliability of the International FItness Scale (IFIS) in Spanish young adults and (b) compare the capacity of self-reported vs measured fitness to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The study comprised 276 participants (18–30 years). Fitness level (overall and specific components) was both self-reported (IFIS) and measured using standard fitness tests. Total and trunk fat was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We computed a previously validated metabolic syndrome score. A separate sample of 181 of same age and characteristics fulfilled IFIS twice for reliability purposes. The results of the present study support the validity and reliability of self-reported fitness, as measured by IFIS, in Spanish young adults. Our data also suggest that not only measured cardiorespiratory fitness but also self-reported cardiorespiratory fitness predicts CVD risk, as assessed by adiposity and metabolic syndrome indicators. The associations for muscular fitness (both reported and measured) differed depending on how it was expressed (i.e., absolute vs relative terms). Self-reported fitness, as assessed by IFIS, can be a good alternative when physical fitness cannot be measured in large surveys.Nuestro objetivo fue (a) examinar la validez y confiabilidad de la Escala Internacional de Fitness (IFIS) en adultos jóvenes españoles y (b) comparar la capacidad del fitness autoinformado frente al medido para predecir el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). El estudio comprendió a 276 participantes (18-30 años). El nivel de condición física (componentes generales y específicos) fue autoinformado (IFIS) y medido mediante pruebas de condición física estándar. La grasa total y del tronco se evaluó mediante absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual. Calculamos una puntuación de síndrome metabólico previamente validada. Una muestra separada de 181 de la misma edad y características cumplió IFIS dos veces para propósitos de confiabilidad. Los resultados del presente estudio respaldan la validez y la fiabilidad del estado físico autoinformado, medido por IFIS, en adultos jóvenes españoles. Nuestros datos también sugieren que no solo la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria medida sino también la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria autoinformada predicen el riesgo de ECV, según lo evaluado por los indicadores de adiposidad y síndrome metabólico. Las asociaciones para la condición física muscular (tanto informadas como medidas) diferían dependiendo de cómo se expresara (es decir, términos absolutos versus relativos). El estado físico autoinformado, según lo evaluado por IFIS, puede ser una buena alternativa cuando el estado físico no se puede medir en encuestas grandes

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica

Validez de la escala de Resiliencia de ConnorDavidson (CD-RISC) en una población de mayores entre 60 y 75 años

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the CD-RISC in community dwelling older people, and compare its factorial structure with the original one. We used the following scales: CD-RISC (resilience), PSS (perceived stress), the mental component of the SF-12, GDS (Geriatric Depression) and MOS (social support). It was finally a scale with three dimensions including 17 items. Convergent validity was performed to test whether the means of the variables used are significantly associated with resilience and global scores of Spanish version of CD-RISC scale were directly correlated with the scores of MOS and mental component of SF-12, and inversely related with the scores of PSS and GDS scales. In conclusion the Spanish CD-RISC scale includes 17 items divided into three dimensions, shows acceptable psychometric properties and correlates with social support, perceived stress, depression and mental component of quality of life.El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las características psicométricas de la versión española del CD-RISC en una muestra de personas mayores no institucionalizadas y comparar su estructura factorial con la que muestra la escala original. Se utilizaron las siguientes escalas: CD-RISC (resiliencia), PSS (estrés percibido), el componente mental del SF-12, GDS (depresión geriátrica) y MOS (apoyo social). Quedó finalmente una escala con tres dimensiones y 17 ítems que mostró aceptables valores de bondad de ajuste y de consistencia interna. Respecto a la validez convergente, las puntuaciones globales de la versión en español del CD-RISC correlacionan directamente con las del MOS y el componente mental del SF-12, e inversamente con las del PSS y GDS. Como conclusión la escala española CD-RISC incluye 17 ítems estructurada en tres dimensiones muestra propiedades psicométricas aceptables y correlaciona con apoyo social, percepción de estrés, depresión y componente mental de calidad de vida

Sleep patterns and sleep problems in a sample of Spanish schoolchildren

Sleep in children is essential for growth, emotional health and cognitive function. Although it has been described that poor sleep can seriously affect learning capacity, this relationship remains unclear. The purposes were to: (1) describe sleep patterns and sleep problems in schoolchildren; and (2) analyze the relationship between sleep quality and quantity and academic achievement. This study included 330 children aged 8–11 years and who had complete sleep data from 20 primary schools in 20 towns from the Cuenca province, Spain. The Spanish version of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire was used, and parents’ educational level, and academic achievement (final grades) were measured. Analysis of covariance models was used to assess differences in academic achievement by sleep problems and sleep duration categories, controlling for age and parents’ educational level. This study found that 6.1% of the children who participated in our study slept < 9 h/day, and 9.1% of them had sleep problems. Our results showed an inverse trend between sleeping < 9 h/day and having sleep problems with academic achievement, although these differences did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). In this study, a considerable proportion of the schoolchildren sleep less than recommended and have sleep problems. Sleep intervention may be important to prevent sleep problems and insufficient sleep in schoolchildren. Further research is needed to clarify the association of sleep insufficiency and problems with academic performance in schoolchildren

Barriers and Facilitators Perceived by Spanish Experts Concerning Nursing Research: A Delphi Study

The identification of research priorities in line with current health needs and nursing competencies is a priority. Nevertheless, barriers and facilitators perceived by nurses to performing nursing research have scarcely been investigated. The main aim of this study was to explore the situation in nursing research in Spain, as perceived by Spanish experts. A Delphi study technique in two phases was applied using an online survey tool. A panel of 20 nursing experts in nursing, teaching and management positions participated. The strengths highlighted were the possibility of reaching the PhD level, the possibility of receiving continuous training in research methodology, and access to scientific knowledge through the Internet. The weaknesses identified were the lack of Spanish nursing journals in which to publish the research results, the lack of funding in nursing care research, and the lack of connection between the healthcare institutions and the university. According to the experts, elements that could enhance leadership in research are the creation of nursing research units in hospitals, the economic recognition of nurses with PhDs, and considering research work as part of their daily tasks in clinical settings. The idea of being subordinated to physicians still remains in nurses&rsquo; ways of thinking

Prevalencia de delgadez, sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares españoles de 4-6 años en 2013; situación en el contexto europeo

Introducción y objetivos: tanto el exceso de peso como la delgadez se relacionan con diversos problemas de salud que pueden continuar hasta la edad adulta. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron estimar la prevalencia de delgadez, sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares de 4-6 años de las provincias de Cuenca y Ciudad Real (España), mediante criterios del Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Obesidad y de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y comparar estas cifras con otros estudios europeos. Métodos: estudio observacional-transversal que incluyó a 1.585 escolares realizado en septiembre de 2013. Las mediciones de peso y talla fueron realizadas por enfermeras entrenadas y mediante procedimientos estandarizados. El estatus ponderal se definió según los criterios del Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Obesidad y la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Resultados: según criterios del Grupo Internacional de Trabajo sobre Obesidad, la prevalencia de delgadez, sobrepeso y obesidad fue del 20,51%, 11,84% y 8,58%, respectivamente; y del 3,97%, 13,92% y 10,79% cuando se utilizaron los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo ni provincia para ninguna categoría de estatus ponderal. Para ambos criterios, la prevalencia de delgadez fue menor a medida que aumentaba la edad, mientras que la prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad fue mayor. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de exceso de peso podría haber tocado techo en España, aunque continúa siendo un importante problema de salud pública. El aumento de la prevalencia de bajo peso debería ocupar un lugar relevante en las intervenciones de salud pública.Introduction and objectives: both, weight excess and thinness, are related with several health disorders that could continue into adulthood. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity in 4-to-6-year-old schoolchildren in the provinces of Cuenca and Ciudad Real (Spain), using both the International Obesity Task Force and the World Health Organization criteria; and to compare this prevalence with those provided for other European studies. Methods: a cross-sectional study was performed in 1 585 schoolchildren in September 2013. Weight and height measurements were performed by previously trained nurses with standardized procedures. Weight status was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force and the World Health Organization criteria. Results: when the International Obesity Task Force criteria were used prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity was 20.51%, 11.84% and 8.58%, respectively; and 3.97%, 13.92% and 10.79% when the World Health Organization criteria were utilized. No statistically significant differences by sex or province in any category of weight status were found. The prevalence of thinness decreased as age increases. Conversely, thinness prevalence decreased and overweight/obesity prevalence was significantly higher in older schoolchildren. The prevalence of overweight in this study is similar to other Mediterranean countries. Conclusions: the prevalence of overweight seems to level off, although it remains a public health priority. The increase in the prevalence of thinness has become an emergent problem that could claim for public health interventions

Relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in children.

ObjectiveA positive relationship between breastfeeding and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in infants has been suggested due to the presence of BDNF in human milk. This study aimed to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and BDNF serum levels in Spanish schoolchildren.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis including 202 schoolchildren, aged eight to 11 years, from Cuenca, Spain, was conducted. Information on sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, sexual maturation, birth weight and exclusive breastfeeding ('no exclusive breastfeeding', and exclusive breastfeeding for ≤6 and >6 months), and BDNF serum levels using an ELISA method were obtained. Covariance analyses (ANCOVA) were conducted to examine the relationship between serological BDNF and exclusive breastfeeding after controlling for potential confounders.ResultsANCOVA models showed no significant differences in BDNF levels between children who were exclusively breastfed for more than six months versus those who were not (p > 0.05). No significant differences were observed by age group (eight to nine years versus 10 to 11 years; p > 0.05). Additionally, no clear negative trend in BDNF serum levels according to sexual maturation categories was found (p > 0.05).ConclusionThese findings suggest that exclusive breastfeeding does not have a significant positive association on BDNF from eight to 11 years, since children who were exclusively breastfed did not have significantly higher BDNF levels than those who were not exclusively breastfed. Likewise, BDNF levels were not found to be negatively affected by hormonal development. Future research should examine the influence of exclusive breastfeeding on BDNF over the different developmental stages