Decisiveness indices are semiindices: addendum

In the paper Decisiveness indices are semiindices (Freixas and Pons, 2016) it was shown that any decisiveness index obtained from an anonymous probability distribution is a semiindex, and that the converse is not true. In this note we characterize the semiindices which are indices of decisiveness.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Decisiveness indices are semiindices

In this note we prove that any decisiveness index, defined for any voter as the probability of him/her being decisive, is a semiindex when the probability distribution over coalitions is anonymous, and it is a semiindex with binomial coefficients when the probability over coalitions is anonymous and independent.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Using the multilinear extension to study some probabilistic power indices

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10726-016-9514-6We consider binary voting systems modeled by a simple game, in which voters vote independently of each other, and the probability distribution over coalitions is known. The Owen’s multilinear extension of the simple game is used to improve the use and the computation of three indices defined in this model: the decisiveness index, which is an extension of the Banzhaf index, the success index, which is an extension of the Rae index, and the luckiness index. This approach leads us to prove new properties and inter-relations between these indices. In particular it is proved that the ordinal equivalence between success and decisiveness indices is achieved in any game if and only if the probability distribution is anonymous. In the anonymous case, the egalitarianism of the three indices is compared, and it is also proved that, for these distributions, decisiveness and success indices respect the strength of the seats, whereas luckiness reverses this order.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

On anonymous and weighted voting systems

Many bodies around the world make their decisions through voting systems in which voters have several options and the collective result also has several options. Many of these voting systems are anonymous, i.e., all voters have an identical role in voting. Anonymous simple voting games, a binary vote for voters and a binary collective decision, can be represented by an easy weighted game, i.e., by means of a quota and an identical weight for the voters. Widely used voting systems of this type are the majority and the unanimity decision rules. In this article, we analyze the case in which voters have two or more voting options and the collective result of the vote has also two or more options. We prove that anonymity implies being representable through a weighted game if and only if the voting options for voters are binary. As a consequence of this result, several significant enumerations are obtained.This research was partially supported by funds from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grant PID2019-I04987GB-I00. We are grateful to the associate editor and two anonymous referees whose interesting comments allowed us to improve the paper.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Components with higher and lower risk in a reliability system

A new reliability importance measure for components in a system, that we call Representativeness measure, is introduced. It evaluates to which extent the performance of a component is representative of the erformance of the whole system. Its relationship with Birnbaum’s measure is analyzed, and the ranking of components given by both measures are compared. These rankings happen to be equal when all components have the same reliability but different in general. In contrast with Birnbaum’s, the Representativeness reliability importance measure of a component does depend on its reliability.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

An extension and an alternative characterization of May’s theorem

This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Annals of Operations Research. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04044-w.The context of this work is a voting scenario in which each voter expresses his/her level of affinity about a proposal, by choosing a value in the set J={-j,…,-1,0,1,…,j}, and these individual votes produce a collective result, in the same set J, through a decision function. The simple majority, defined for j=1, is a widely used example of such a decision function. In this paper, a set of independent axioms is proved to uniquely characterize the j-majority decision function. The j-majority decision is defined for any positive integer j, and it coincides with the simple majority decision when j=1. In this way, this axiomatic characterization meets two goals: it gives a new characterization of the simple majority decision when j=1 and it extends May’s theorem to this broader context.This research has been partially supported by funds from the Ministry of Science and Innovation grant PID2019-104987GB-I00.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Similarities and differences between success and decisiveness

We consider binary voting systems in which a probability distribution over coalitions is known. In this broader context decisiveness is an extension of the Penrose-Banzhaf index and success an extension of the Rae index for simple games. Although decisiveness and success are conceptually different we analyze their numerical behavior. The main result provides necessary and sufficient conditions for the ordinal equivalence of them. Indeed, under anonymous probability distributions they become ordinally equivalent. Moreover, it is proved that for these distributions, decisiveness and success respect the strength of the seats, whereas luckiness reverses the order.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft

Factors cognitius relacionats amb el compliment d'higiene de mans. Impacte d'una campanya multimodal

La higiene de mans (HM) és la mesura preventiva més important per a la prevenció de la transmissió de les infeccions en l’entorn sanitari. No obstant això, tot i la relativa simplicitat del procediment, els estudis observacionals mostren que el compliment d’HM dels professionals de la salut és inferior al 40%. La dificultat per motivar els professionals a seguir les recomanacions respecte a l’HM i, per tant, obtenir un bon compliment suggereix que es tracta d’un comportament complex. El comportament humà és el resultat de múltiples influències com poden ser les característiques biològiques, l’entorn, l’educació i la cultura. La psicologia social intenta entendre aquestes característiques i factors individuals en el comportament. Per això, s’han desenvolupat diferents teories cognitives socials per definir la naturalesa i la relació entre els múltiples factors que afecten els diferents comportaments relacionats amb la salut. Aquestes teories identifiquen tres nivells de factors relacionats amb el comportament: 1) nivell individual o intrapersonal, 2) nivell interpersonal o d’interaccions entre els individus i 3) nivell comunitari

Programa de vigilància de les infeccions nosocomials als hospitals de Catalunya (programa VINCat): document de competències dels equips de control d’infeccions

Infeccions nosocomials; Equips de control d'infeccions; ECI; Competències professionalsInfecciones nosocomiales; Equipos de control de infecciones; ECI; Competencias profesionalesNosocomial infections; Infection control equipment; ECI; Professional skillsThis document sets out the professional competencies of the infection control teams to carry out their work, with the intention of: Standardizing the infection control competencies in the hospitals participating in the VINCat program; Be a guide to designing infection control training courses; Contribute to self-assessment of ECI performance; Provide a professional planning and development model and Orient the centers on the appropriate needs and resources to carry out daily infection control activities.Aquest document recull les competències professionals dels equips de control d'infeccions per desenvolupar la seva tasca amb la intenció de: Estandarditzar les competències de control d’infecció als hospitals que participen en el programa VINCat; Ser una guia per dissenyar cursos de formació en control d’infeccions; Contribuir a l’autoavaluació del rendiment dels ECI; Proporcionar un model de planificació i desenvolupament professional i Orientar els centres sobre les necessitats i els recursos adients per portar a terme les activitats de control d’infeccions diària.Este documento recoge las competencias profesionales de los equipos de control de infecciones para desarrollar su tarea con la intención de: Estandarizar las competencias de control de infección en los hospitales que participan en el programa VINCat; Ser una guía para diseñar cursos de formación en control de infecciones; Contribuir a la autoevaluación del rendimiento de los ECI; Proporcionar un modelo de planificación y desarrollo profesional y Orientar a los centros sobre las necesidades y los recursos adecuados para llevar a cabo las actividades de control de infecciones diarias

KRAS phosphorylation regulates cell polarization and tumorigenic properties in colorectal cancer.

Oncogenic mutations of KRAS are found in the most aggressive human tumors, including colorectal cancer. It has been suggested that oncogenic KRAS phosphorylation at Ser181 modulates its activity and favors cell transformation. Using nonphosphorylatable (S181A), phosphomimetic (S181D), and phospho-/dephosphorylatable (S181) oncogenic KRAS mutants, we analyzed the role of this phosphorylation to the maintenance of tumorigenic properties of colorectal cancer cells. Our data show that the presence of phospho-/dephosphorylatable oncogenic KRAS is required for preserving the epithelial organization of colorectal cancer cells in 3D cultures, and for supporting subcutaneous tumor growth in mice. Interestingly, gene expression differed according to the phosphorylation status of KRAS. In DLD-1 cells, CTNNA1 was only expressed in phospho-/dephosphorylatable oncogenic KRAS-expressing cells, correlating with cell polarization. Moreover, lack of oncogenic KRAS phosphorylation leads to changes in expression of genes related to cell invasion, such as SERPINE1, PRSS1,2,3, and NEO1, and expression of phosphomimetic oncogenic KRAS resulted in diminished expression of genes involved in enterocyte differentiation, such as HNF4G. Finally, the analysis, in a public data set of human colorectal cancer, of the gene expression signatures associated with phosphomimetic and nonphosphorylatable oncogenic KRAS suggests that this post-translational modification regulates tumor progression in patients