O óleo essencial de gengibre (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) e peptídeo sintetizado pelo Lactococcus lactis como agentes antimicrobianos contra Salmonella Enteretidis E Listeria monocytogenes / The essential oil of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and peptide synthesized by Lactococcus lactis as antimicrobial agents against Salmonella Enteretidis and Listeria monocytogenes

As doenças transmitidas por alimentos (DTA) são responsáveis por enfermidades e morte em todo o mundo. Dentre os principais micro-organismos patogênicos envolvidos, destaca-se a Salmonella Enteretidis e Listeria monocytogenes. Os compostos naturais como óleo, extratos de plantas e peptídeos de origem microbiana podem apresentar atividade antimicrobiana contra bactérias, fungos e vírus. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana bem como a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) do óleo essencial de gengibre (OG) e do peptídeo produzido pelo Lactococcus lactis (PP) contra S. Enteretidis e L. m onocytogenes. Para isto, utilizou-se o método de difusão em disco para avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana bem como a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) do OG e PP contra S. Enteretidis e L. monocytogenes. Os tamanhos dos halos de inibição (mm) foram submetidos a análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey, com nível de 95% de confiabilidade. O OG apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra S. Enteretidis e L. monocytogenes, produzindo halos de inibição de 8,75 e 18,62 mm, respectivamente. O PP apresentou atividade antimicrobiana somente para L. monocytogenes, produziu halo de inibição de 21,5 mm. Não houve diferença significativa (p <0,05) entre os tamanhos de halos produzidos pela atividade antimicrobiana do OG e do PP contra L. monocytogenes. A CIM do OG foi de 250 e 0,48 µL.mL-1 contra S. Enteretidis e L. monocytogenes, respectivamente. Já a CIM do PP foi de 0,48 µL.mL-1 contra L. monocytogenes. O OG e o PP apresentaram ação antimicrobiana contra micro-organismos patogênicos e podem ser uma alternativa interessante na conservação de alimentos

An engineering perspective of ceramics applied in dental reconstructions

The demands for dental materials continue to grow, driven by the desire to reach a better performance than currently achieved by the available materials. In the dental restorative ceramic field, the structures evolved from the metal-ceramic systems to highly translucent multilayered zirconia, aiming not only for tailored mechanical properties but also for the aesthetics to mimic natural teeth. Ceramics are widely used in prosthetic dentistry due to their attractive clinical properties, including high strength, biocompatibility, chemical stability, and a good combination of optical properties. Metal-ceramics type has always been the golden standard of dental reconstruction. However, this system lacks aesthetic aspects. For this reason, efforts are made to develop materials that met both the mechanical features necessary for the safe performance of the restoration as well as the aesthetic aspects, aiming for a beautiful smile. In this field, glass and high-strength core ceramics have been highly investigated for applications in dental restoration due to their excellent combination of mechanical properties and translucency. However, since these are recent materials when compared with the metal-ceramic system, many studies are still required to guarantee the quality and longevity of these systems. Therefore, a background on available dental materials properties is a starting point to provoke a discussion on the development of potential alternatives to rehabilitate lost hard and soft tissue structures with ceramic-based tooth and implant-supported reconstructions. This review aims to bring the most recent materials research of the two major categories of ceramic restorations: ceramic-metal system and all-ceramic restorations. The practical aspects are herein presented regarding the evolution and development of materials, technologies applications, strength, color, and aesthetics. A trend was observed to use high-strength core ceramics type due to their ability to be manufactured by CAD/CAM technology. In addition, the impacts of COVID-19 on the market of dental restorative ceramics are presented

Eventos cardiocirculatórios e o uso contínuo de contraceptivos orais na saúde da mulher

Os anticoncepcionais orais estão entre os métodos reversíveis mais utilizados. Todavia, o risco de trombose venosa profunda e embolia pulmonar em mulheres que fazem o uso de métodos contraceptivos orais (CO) apresentam alta incidência devido a interação hormonal proveniente do fármaco sob o sistema cardiocirculatório. Existem outras etiologias referentes às tromboembolias que somadas ao uso do CO podem intensificar o surgimento da doença, sejam elas fatores modificáveis como os hábitos diários, e, não modificáveis como o sexo e a idade. O objetivo principal desse estudo é avaliar o risco de tromboembolias em mulheres usuárias de anticoncepcional oral.Essa revisão trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa por meio de artigos científicos publicados entre janeiro de 2018 e outubro de2022 a partir das bases Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), SciELO e Google Acadêmico. O presente artigo traz uma analise de quais fármacos são mais propensos a causarem embolia pulmonar e/ou trombose quando se comparado primeira, segunda e terceira geração. Os resultados apontam que o anticoncepcional oral apesar de ser uma opção de ferramenta para o planejamento familiar com o objetivo de prevenção de gravidez indesejada, por outro lado, traz consequências como as tromboembolias. Faz necessário que a equipe de saúde execute uma assistência individualizada, ponderando algumas condutas de acordo com o histórico individual de cada mulher. Sendo assim, é imprescindível o cuidado/controle de orientações/prescrições enquanto anticoncepcionais orais em prol da redução de casos de tromboembolias e assim, diminuição da morbimortalidade feminina

ANÁLISE DE TENDÊNCIA TEMPORAL E EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DA SÍFILIS ADQUIRIDA NO BRASIL EM UM DOS MAIORES BANCOS DE DADOS DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA DO PAÍS, O SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO DE AGRAVOS DE NOTIFICAÇÃO NOS ANOS DE 2011 A 2021

<p><strong>Introdução: </strong>A Sífilis Adquirida é um problema de saúde pública, acometendo uma grande parcela da população, onde se não for detectada precocemente, sua progressão pode causar sérios problemas e manifestações clínicas, os levantamentos de dados epidemiológicos acerca da infecção são essenciais para mostrar a prevalência, notificação e grupo mais atingido. <strong>Objetivo: </strong>Este estudo buscou realizar uma análise de tendência temporal e epidemiológica da Sífilis adquirida no Brasil no período de 2011 a 2022. <strong>Métodos: </strong>Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal, transversal, observacional, retrospectivo e de caráter analítico, quantitativo e descritivo-exploratório, a partir de dados públicos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). <strong>Resultados: </strong> Foi observado um aumento de notificações nos anos de 2018, seguido de 2019, 2020, 2017, 2016, 2015 e 2021, a região do Brasil com a maior notificação foi a região Sudeste com 470.193 total de casos a menor na região Norte em 50.755 casos. referente a variável sexo o público masculino obteve a maior notificação com um total de casos 547.637, referente a raça a predominância de casos ficou com a branca em 337.037, seguida da parda com 324.043, ignorados brancos em terceiro lugar em 144.697, referente as Unidades federais de notificação, a região Sudeste ficou com o maior percentual em 52%, seguida da Sul com 22%, em terceiro lugar o nordeste com 13%, no que confere a faixa etária, a idade com maiores notificações de Sífilis adquirida ficou com 20-39 anos em 517.531 casos, seguida da 40-59 anos em 218.162, acompanhada da 15-19 em 88.342 total de casos, na variável escolaridade, os casos ignorados e em brancos ficaram em primeiro lugar com uma notificação de 332.258, seguida de ensino médio completo em 166.589, posteriormente acompanhada da 5 a 8 série incompleta fundamental com 102.912. <strong>Conclusão:</strong> Entre os anos 2012 e 2022 foram constatados que em todas as regiões as taxas aumentaram até 2018, estável em 2019 e declinando em 2020 e 2021. A maioria dos diagnósticos foram do sexo masculino, maior prevalência se deu em indivíduos com ensino médio completo, com maior número de casos de 20 a 39 anos.</p&gt

Venomics and antivenomics of Bothrops erythromelas from five geographic populations within the Caatinga ecoregion of northeastern Brazil

The Caatinga lancehead, Bothrops erythromelas, is a medically relevant species, responsible for most of the snakebite accidents in most parts of its distribution range in northeastern Brazil. The spectrum and geographic variability of its venom toxins were investigated applying a venomics approach to venom pools from five geographic areas within the Caatinga ecoregion. Despite its wide habitat, populations of B. erythromelas from Ceará, Pernambuco, Juazeiro, Paraiba, and Ilha de Itaparica exhibit highly conserved venom proteomes. Mirroring their compositional conservation, the five geographic venom pools also showed qualitatively and quantitatively overlapping antivenomic profiles against antivenoms generated in Vital Brazil (BR) and Clodomiro Picado (CR) Institutes, using different venoms in the immunization mixtures. The paraspecificity exhibited by the Brazilian SAB and the Costa Rican BCL antivenoms against venom toxins from B. erythromelas indicates large immunoreactive epitope conservation across genus Bothrops during the last ~ 14 million years, thus offering promise for the possibility of generating a broad-spectrum bothropic antivenom. Biological Significance Accidental snakebite envenomings represent an important public health hazard in Brazil. Ninety per cent of the yearly estimated 20-30,000 snakebite accidents are caused by species of the Bothrops genus. Bothrops erythromelas, a small, moderately stocky terrestrial venomous snake, is responsible for most of the snakebite accidents in its broad distribution range in the Caatinga, a large ecoregion in northeastern Brazil. To gain a deeper insight into the spectrum of medically important toxins present in the venom of the Caatinga lancehead, we applied a venomics approach to define the proteome and geographic variability of adult B. erythromelas venoms from five geographic regions. Although intraspecific compositional variation between venoms among specimens from different geographic regions has long been appreciated by herpetologists and toxinologists as a general feature of highly adaptable and widely distributed snake species, the five B. erythromelas populations investigated exhibit highly conserved venom proteomes. The overall toxin profile of the Caatinga lancehead's venom explains the local and systemic effects observed in envenomations by B. erythromelas. The five geographic venom pools sampled also showed qualitatively and quantitatively overlapping antivenomic profiles against antivenoms generated using different bothropic venoms in the immunization mixtures. The large immunoreactive epitope conservation across genus Bothrops offers promise for the generation of a broad-spectrum bothropic antivenom.Ministerio de Ciencia é Innovación/[BFU2010-17373]//EspañaMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad/[BFU2013-42833-P]//EspañaGeneralitat Valenciana/[PROMETEO/2010/005]//EspañaPrograma Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo/[BIOTOX P211RT0412]/CYTED/EspañaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[741-B2-652]/UCR/Costa RicaConsejo Nacional de Rectores/[741-B2-652]/FEES-CONARE/Costa RicaGenoprot/[560931/2010-7]//BrasilUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Second asymptomatic carotid surgery trial (ACST-2) : a randomised comparison of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy

Background: Among asymptomatic patients with severe carotid artery stenosis but no recent stroke or transient cerebral ischaemia, either carotid artery stenting (CAS) or carotid endarterectomy (CEA) can restore patency and reduce long-term stroke risks. However, from recent national registry data, each option causes about 1% procedural risk of disabling stroke or death. Comparison of their long-term protective effects requires large-scale randomised evidence. Methods: ACST-2 is an international multicentre randomised trial of CAS versus CEA among asymptomatic patients with severe stenosis thought to require intervention, interpreted with all other relevant trials. Patients were eligible if they had severe unilateral or bilateral carotid artery stenosis and both doctor and patient agreed that a carotid procedure should be undertaken, but they were substantially uncertain which one to choose. Patients were randomly allocated to CAS or CEA and followed up at 1 month and then annually, for a mean 5 years. Procedural events were those within 30 days of the intervention. Intention-to-treat analyses are provided. Analyses including procedural hazards use tabular methods. Analyses and meta-analyses of non-procedural strokes use Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods. The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN21144362. Findings: Between Jan 15, 2008, and Dec 31, 2020, 3625 patients in 130 centres were randomly allocated, 1811 to CAS and 1814 to CEA, with good compliance, good medical therapy and a mean 5 years of follow-up. Overall, 1% had disabling stroke or death procedurally (15 allocated to CAS and 18 to CEA) and 2% had non-disabling procedural stroke (48 allocated to CAS and 29 to CEA). Kaplan-Meier estimates of 5-year non-procedural stroke were 2·5% in each group for fatal or disabling stroke, and 5·3% with CAS versus 4·5% with CEA for any stroke (rate ratio [RR] 1·16, 95% CI 0·86-1·57; p=0·33). Combining RRs for any non-procedural stroke in all CAS versus CEA trials, the RR was similar in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (overall RR 1·11, 95% CI 0·91-1·32; p=0·21). Interpretation: Serious complications are similarly uncommon after competent CAS and CEA, and the long-term effects of these two carotid artery procedures on fatal or disabling stroke are comparable