Fish fights over fish rights: Philippine case study on conflict over use of municipal water: synthesis of three case studies in the Visayan Sea

Disputes, Aquaculture, Water rights, ISEW, Philippines,

VELHICES SUSTENTÁVEIS

According the complexity of Morin’s thought (†2.011), the assertion that we should “respect in the other person, simultaneously, the difference and identity as yourself” we will draw a parallel about the complexity of aging, considering the heterogeneity of this population segment and the specificities requested for the built environment.Throughout this article, we will try to locate the reader as to the “tsunami” of white hair that changes the global demographic landscape and obliges us to focus attention on legal and public policies built on historical references and social concepts of aging that very often reinforce weaknesses and deficiencies, when the correct would be raise up the flag for life until each one can bear.One of the tasks is to recognize the human dimension inside diversity as universal starting point for social inclusion. Finding some tools, as a set of knowledge about what to become old is, as the Environmental Gerontology and housing projects for seniors in São Paulo State, which make us to understand new projective possibilities that contribute to the quality of life and sustainability of our buildings, starting with the concrete definition of concepts as accessible, adapted and adaptable.Dentro da complexidade do pensamento de Morin (2011), ao afirmar que devemos “respeitar no outro, ao mesmo tempo, a diferença e a identidade quanto a si mesmo” traçaremos um paralelo quanto à complexidade de envelhecer, visto a heterogeneidade desse segmento populacional e as especificidades que demandam para o ambiente construído.Ao longo deste artigo, trataremos de posicionar o leitor quanto ao tsunami de cabelos brancos que tranfoma o panorama demográfico mundial e nos impõe focar atenção nas bases legais e políticas públicas construídas em referências históricas e conceitos sociais do envelhecimento que, muitas vezes, reforçam fragilidades e deficiências, quando o correto seria levantar a bandeira pela vida até quando cada um conseguir aguentar.Uma das tarefas é reconhecer a dimensão humana na diversidade como ponto de partida universal para a inclusão social. E encontramos algumas ferramentas, um conjunto de conhecimentos, acerca do que é envelhecer, como a Gerontologia Ambiental e projetos habitacionais para idosos do Estado de São Paulo que nos fazem compreender novas possibilidades projetuais que colaboram para a qualidade de vida e a sustentabilidade das nossas construções, a partir da definição concreta de conceitos como acessível, adaptado e adaptável

Fish fights over fish rights: managing exit from the fisheries and security implications in Southeast Asia: Philippines case study on conflicts arising from zoning of municipal waters

Disputes, Aquaculture, Water rights, ISEW, Philippines,

Velhices urbanas sustentáveis: a experiência dos conjuntos habitacionais “Vila dos Idosos”, “Vila Dignidade” e “República Melhor Idade” no estado de São Paulo

A 1ª década do século XXI confirmou duas tendências demográficas 1 : a urbanização e o envelhecimento. Hoje, mais da metade da população mundial vive na cidade e esse número não para de crescer e envelhecer, principalmente, nos países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil; onde, o Estado de São Paulo, desenvolveu uma política habitacional que promete à sociedade envelhecer com qualidade em condomínios exclusivos para idosos. A partir da análise da ocupação do espaço construído com participação urbana como fator de envelhecimento bem sucedido e qualidade de vida, visitou-se três Conjuntos Habitacionais no Estado de São Paulo. Na capital estão: o Condomínio República da Melhor Idade, um prédio de 11 andares com 66 apartamentos,desenvolvido pela Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano e o Conjunto Habitacional Vila dos Idosos no antigo bairro industrial do Pari, com 8 mil m² de área construída e 145 apartamentos desenvolvidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Habitação através da Companhia Metropolitana de Habitação. No interior do Estado está o Conjunto Habitacional do Programa Vila Dignidade, planejado em pequenas vilas de 22 casas e inserido no Plano Estadual para a Pessoa Idosa do Governo do Estado de São Paulo.The 1st decade of this century confirmed two demographic trends: Urbanization and population aging. Today, more than half of the world’s population lives in the city area and this number is constantly increasing and is getting old, primarily in developing countries such as Brazil; where the state of São Paulo, developed a housing policy that promises the quality aging society in exclusive condominiums for seniors. From the analysis of the occupation of built space with urban participation as aging successful factor and quality of life, three housing projects in the State of São Paulo were visited. In the capital are: Condomínio República da Melhor Idade, a 11-storey building with 66 apartments, developed by the “Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano” and the Joint “Vila dos Idosos” in the old industrial district of Pari, with 8000 m² of built area and 145 apartments developed by the Secretaria Municipal de Habitação by Companhia Metropolitana de Habitação. On the countryside of the state, there is a housing program called “Vila Dignidade”, planned in small villages of 22 houses and inserted into the State Plan for Senior Citizens of the State of São Paulo.Eje 4: Construir las nuevas agendas socio-ambientales. Orientar y gestionar las transiciones y transformaciones urbanas.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Velhices urbanas sustentáveis: a experiência dos conjuntos habitacionais “Vila dos Idosos”, “Vila Dignidade” e “República Melhor Idade” no estado de São Paulo

A 1ª década do século XXI confirmou duas tendências demográficas 1 : a urbanização e o envelhecimento. Hoje, mais da metade da população mundial vive na cidade e esse número não para de crescer e envelhecer, principalmente, nos países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil; onde, o Estado de São Paulo, desenvolveu uma política habitacional que promete à sociedade envelhecer com qualidade em condomínios exclusivos para idosos. A partir da análise da ocupação do espaço construído com participação urbana como fator de envelhecimento bem sucedido e qualidade de vida, visitou-se três Conjuntos Habitacionais no Estado de São Paulo. Na capital estão: o Condomínio República da Melhor Idade, um prédio de 11 andares com 66 apartamentos,desenvolvido pela Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano e o Conjunto Habitacional Vila dos Idosos no antigo bairro industrial do Pari, com 8 mil m² de área construída e 145 apartamentos desenvolvidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Habitação através da Companhia Metropolitana de Habitação. No interior do Estado está o Conjunto Habitacional do Programa Vila Dignidade, planejado em pequenas vilas de 22 casas e inserido no Plano Estadual para a Pessoa Idosa do Governo do Estado de São Paulo.The 1st decade of this century confirmed two demographic trends: Urbanization and population aging. Today, more than half of the world’s population lives in the city area and this number is constantly increasing and is getting old, primarily in developing countries such as Brazil; where the state of São Paulo, developed a housing policy that promises the quality aging society in exclusive condominiums for seniors. From the analysis of the occupation of built space with urban participation as aging successful factor and quality of life, three housing projects in the State of São Paulo were visited. In the capital are: Condomínio República da Melhor Idade, a 11-storey building with 66 apartments, developed by the “Companhia de Desenvolvimento Habitacional e Urbano” and the Joint “Vila dos Idosos” in the old industrial district of Pari, with 8000 m² of built area and 145 apartments developed by the Secretaria Municipal de Habitação by Companhia Metropolitana de Habitação. On the countryside of the state, there is a housing program called “Vila Dignidade”, planned in small villages of 22 houses and inserted into the State Plan for Senior Citizens of the State of São Paulo.Eje 4: Construir las nuevas agendas socio-ambientales. Orientar y gestionar las transiciones y transformaciones urbanas.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Epicatechins Purified from Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Differentially Suppress Growth of Gender-Dependent Human Cancer Cell Lines

The anticancer potential of catechins derived from green tea is not well understood, in part because catechin-related growth suppression and/or apoptosis appears to vary with the type and stage of malignancy as well as with the type of catechin. This in vitro study examined the biological effects of epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), EC 3-gallate (ECG) and EGC 3-gallate (EGCG) in cell lines from human gender-specific cancers. Cell lines developed from organ-confined (HH870) and metastatic (DU145) prostate cancer, and from moderately (HH450) and poorly differentiated (HH639) epithelial ovarian cancer were grown with or without EC, EGC, ECG or EGCG. When untreated cells reached confluency, viability and doubling time were measured for treated and untreated cells. Whereas EC treatment reduced proliferation of HH639 cells by 50%, EGCG suppressed proliferation of all cell lines by 50%. ECG was even more potent: it inhibited DU145, HH870, HH450 and HH639 cells at concentrations of 24, 27, 29 and 30 µM, whereas EGCG inhibited DU145, HH870, HH450 and HH639 cells at concentrations 89, 45, 62 and 42 µM. When compared with EGCG, ECG more effectively suppresses the growth of prostate cancer and epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines derived from tumors of patients with different stages of disease

Identification of pen shells (Bivalvia: Ostreida: Pinnidae) collected off northern Iloilo, Philippines using their morphological characters

This study describes morphological characteristics of pen shells collected along the coast of northern Iloilo, Philippines. A total of 380 pen shell individuals with intact shells and their adductor muscles were carefully examined and measured. Eleven species were studied, namely: Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus, 1767), Atrina inflata (Dillwyn, 1817), Atrina vexillum (Born, 1778), Atrina seminuda (Lamarck, 1819), Atrina rigida ([Lightfoot], 1786), Pinna bicolor Gmelin, 1791, Pinna atropurpurea Sowerby, 1825, Pinna deltodes Menke, 1843, Pinna muricata Linnaeus, 1758, Pinna incurva Gmelin, 1791, and Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758. The species were identified based on the nine characteristics of the valve for the genus Pinna and eight for the genus Atrina. These characteristics were then correlated with their adductor muscles’ morphology. Analysis of variance revealed that the three most dominant species investigated under genus Atrina, namely Atrina pectinata, Atrina inflata, and Atrina vexillum, were found to be significantly different in the eight characters of the valve (P < 0.05). Moreover, three representative Pinna species, Pinna bicolor, Pinna atropurpurea, and Pinna deltodes, were significantly (P < 0.05) different based on shell width, dorsal posterior shell margin, sulcus width, and dorsal posterior margin to dorsal nacreous margin. The observed high correlation (P < 0.05) between adductor muscle properties and different shell length characteristics for five dominant species can be used as a predictor of growth and suggests that the increase in the size of adductor muscle correlates to the increase in the size of the mentioned shell characteristics. No previous study of this kind was conducted in the Philippines. This work provides relevant information for related biological research on other pen shell species and for the management of pen shell resources in northern Iloilo and, possibly, other regions in the world

Effect of a Seasonal Fishery Closure on Sardine and Mackerel Catch in the Visayan Sea, Philippines

The implementation of seasonal fishery closures (SFC) can be controversial due to the frequent lack of clear objectives, monitoring and empirical evidence of management success. In the Philippines, an SFC implemented for the conservation of important fishery commodities in the Visayan Sea has been ruled a success after stricter implementation of this fishery policy in 2012. However, a comprehensive, detailed, and robust analysis of this fishery policy is lacking. Using a difference-in-differences (DID) framework, we estimated the effect of SFC on the interannual and seasonal catch for sardine and mackerel. We expanded our analysis to other species not regulated under the SFC policy. We also conducted semi-structured interviews (N = 235), focus group discussions (N = 9) and key informant interviews (N = 37) involving municipal fisheries stakeholders in the surrounding municipalities around the Visayan Sea, and representatives from the government and non-government agencies, to complement our analyses. Seasonal analyses of catch data show a significant increase in sardine catch at the end of the seasonal closure among SFC-participating provinces. However, overall, the SFC had no significant effect on sardine interannual catch among the provinces participating in the SFC. We also found no significant effect of the SFC on interannual and seasonal catch for mackerel. Furthermore, our findings show no significant changes in fishing pressure to other aquatic species. Interview results corroborate our DID findings for mackerel, but not for sardine. The varying perceptions on the outcomes of the SFC policy can be attributed to several challenges such as lack of implementing guidelines, lack of alternative livelihoods for the affected stakeholders, persistence of illegal fishing, and uneven implementation of the SFC. Since the management objective of this SFC was to conserve the regulated species, alternative management measures may be needed to achieve this goal. This could entail more consistent enforcement, improved cooperation and communication between fisheries managers and stakeholders, fish size or gear restrictions, and identification and conservation of key habitats needed to restore overexploited species