Microbiological quality assessment for oysters produced and traded in Paraná, Brazil

Oysters are filter-feeding bivalve molluscs that are associated with several foodborne illnesses, because they accumulate biotic and abiotic contaminants dispersed in the water. The state of Paraná in southern Brazil is distinguished by a high consumption of oysters, typically eaten raw, and this habit may present a risk to consumer health if the product is contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. This study intends to evaluate the microbiological quality of oysters produced and traded in Paraná, directly examining the localities of cultivation and trading of the product. The major sites for the trading of oysters in the state were identified and 52 dozen oysters (624 animals) were collected from these places, between April and December, 2013. The samples were subjected to analyses for total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. No samples had results of microbial contamination above the limits established by Brazilian legislation. This study indicated that the microbiological quality of the oysters produced and traded in the state of Paraná is acceptable

VALOR NUTRICIONAL DO GIRASSOL (Helianthus annuus L.) COMO FORRAGEIRA

No ano agrícola de 1998/1999, o experimento foi conduzido no município de São José do Pinhais (Pr), com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade nutricional do girassol como forrageira. Dois genótipos comerciais (DK-180 e Rumbosol-91) foram caracterizados morfologicamente e avaliados quanto à sua composição bromatológica em três estádios de desenvolvimento. O delineamento experimental baseouse em arranjo fatorial 2x3 (2 genótipos e 3 estádios), com seis repetições (unidade experimental) para as características estudadas. O plantio de genótipos foi realizado em novembro de 1998 e a colheita realizada em 85, 97 e 111 dias após, para o genótipo DK-180, e 97, 105 e 112 dias, para o genótipo Rumbosol-91. Nas análises bromatológicas, o genótipo DK-180 foi considerado o de melhor qualidade (

EFEITO DA FORMA FÍSICA E DO VALOR DE ENERGIA METABOLIZÁVEL DA DIETA SOBRE O DESEMPENHO DE FRANGOS DE CORTE

O presente trabalho buscou avaliar o desempenho zootécnico de frangos de corte da linhagem ROSS, do 1o ao 49o dia de idade, submetidos a rações com diferentes densidades energéticas e formas físicas (farelada e peletizada). O experimento foi conduzido nos meses de Agosto e Setembro de 1999, no aviário experimental da Cooperativa Agrícola Consolata Ltda., em Cafelândia (PR). Num delineamento em blocos casualizados, foram testados os tratamentos: T1 ração farelada, com energia metabolizável média de 3137,5 kcal/kg; T2 ração farelada, com 3100 kcal/kg; T3 ração peletizada, com 3100 kcal/kg e; T4 ração peletizada, com 3062,5 kcal/kg. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P > 0,05) ao variar-se o nível energético das dietas. Rações peletizadas proporcionaram às aves: maior conversão alimentar e mortalidade no período total (1 a 49 dias de idade) (P 0.05) in regard to the variation of the diets energy levels. Pelleted rations, on the other hand, provided to the birds greater alimentary conversion as well as mortality during the whole period of 1 up to 49 days of age (P < 0.05); smaller weight earning and larger alimentary conversion in the final phase (43 to 49 days of age (P < 0.05) and larger weight earning and larger feed intake at the initial phase (15 to 28 days of age) (P < 0.05)

RAÇÃO FARELADA COM DIFERENTES GRANULOMETRIAS EM FRANGOS DE CORTE

Em geral, o diâmetro geométrico médio (DGM) das partículas das rações não tem afetado o desempenho de frangos de corte, em situações experimentais. Por meio deste, objetivou-se verificar se o mesmo ocorre em criações comerciais e, também, avaliar possíveis benefícios econômicos do uso da ração com maior DGM. Para isso, o presente trabalho buscou avaliar o desempenho zootécnico em frangos de corte da linhagem ROSS, do 1º ao 42º dia de idade, arraçoados com diferentes granulometrias. O experimento foi conduzido nos meses de agosto e setembro de 1998, no aviário experimental da Cooperativa Agrícola Consolata Ltda. Em delineamento em blocos casualizados, foram testados os DGMs: 0,833, 0,703 e 1,058 mm, na fase pré-inicial; 0,829, 0,703 e 1,086 mm, na fase inicial, e; 0,818, 0,649 e 0,912 mm, na fase de crescimento. O DGM dos tratamentos apresentou influência (P < 0,05) sobre o consumo de ração de pintainhos na fase pré-inicial, sendo observadas poucas modificações (P > 0,05) no desempenho das outras fases de criação e na mortalidade das aves. Entretanto, a lucratividade inerente aos tratamentos, pode ser aumentada em até 2,78%, em função da diminuição da moagem e/ou aumento do DGM. Use of mashed rations with different particle sizes for broilers Abstract In general, the average geometric diameter (AGD) of ration has not affected broilers performance in experimental situations. The objective of this experiment was to investigate if such statement is true also for commercial farms and to evaluate the possible economic benefits of using larger ration particle sizes. For that, in the present work, ROSS broilers had theis performance estimated, from the 1st up to the 42nd day of age, fed with rations of different particle sizes. The experiment was developed during August and September of 1998, in the experimental aviary from Cooperativa Agrícola Consolata Ltda. Statistical design was of random blocks and treatment were (AGD's): 0.833, 0.703 and 1.058 mm, in the pre-initial phase; 0.829, 0.703 and 1.086 mm, in the initial phase, and; 0.818, 0.649 and 0.912 mm, in the growth phase. Treatments AGDs treatment showed influence (P < 0.05) on the consumption of chick ration in the pre-initial phase. Few modifications were observed (P > 0.05) in the acting of the other feeding phases and in the mortality of the birds. However, the gross margin related to treatments can be increased up to 2.78%, as a result of the decrease of the grinding and/or AGDs increase

Immune response of broilers fed conventional and alternative diets containing multi-enzyme complex

The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of adding a commercial multi-enzyme complex to conventional and alternative broiler diets on the immune response and occurrence of lesions in the intestinal mucosa. In total, 900 male broiler chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized design, with six treatments of six replicates each. Two control diets were formulated: one with conventional feedstuffs (T1), based on corn and soybean meal, and one with alternative feedstuffs (T4), containing corn, millet, and soybean, canola and sunflower meals. Based on these diets, other four were prepared with reduced metabolizable energy, digestible amino acids, calcium and available phosphorus levels and the addition (T3 and T6) or not (T2 and T5) of a multi-enzyme complex. Broilers fed diets based on conventional feedstuffs had higher levels of defense cells compared with those fed diets that included millet with canola and sunflower meals. On the other hand, the use of enzymes in conventional or alternative diets decreased the number of these cells in the ileal mucosa

Effects of methionine source, arginine: lysine ratio and sodium chloride level in the diets of grower broilers reared under high-temperature conditions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of methionine sources (DL-methionine 99% powder (DLM) or methionine hydroxy analog liquid 88% (HMTBA)), arginine:lysine (Arg:Lys) ratio and sodium chloride (NaCl) content in the diet of broilers on their performance, carcass yield, serum biochemistry, duodenal mucosal morphology, and immune response. Birds were kept under high temperature conditions during the grower phase and were inoculated or not with an antigen. The use of HMTBA promoted better live performance and carcass yield than the use of DLM. Diets with 1.05 Arg:Lys ratio resulted in better live performance, higher carcass and breast meat yields, longer villi, shallower crypts, and stronger immune response when broilers were challenged than the 1.40 ratio. The dietary supplementation of 6.0 g NaCl/kg promoted better growth performance and carcass weight than 2.0 g NaCl/kg. There was no influence of the different methionine sources or NaCl concentrations on any evaluated intestinal morphology parameter or immune response, nor of any interactions between these sources of variation

Use of mannanoligosaccharides in broiler feeding

A study with 2,400 broilers was carried out to compare the effect of the use of mannanoligosaccharides, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall or growth promoter (Olaquindox) in the diet on broiler. Diets were based on corn and soybean meal. A completely randomized experimental design was used, and the obtained data were evaluated by analysis of variance and test of Tukey at a level of 5%. The following parameters were measured: feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality. It was concluded that the effect of the inclusion of mannanoligosaccharides in the diet on the studied parameters was significantly higher as compared to the inclusion of cell wall or to the control diet, but the effect was not different as compared to the inclusion of growth promoter