Surveying Human Vulnerabilities across the Life Course

Este libro fue publicado en 2016 y esta es una edición corregida de 2018. El libro completo está sujeto a una licencia CC BY 4.0This open access book details tools and procedures for data collections of hard-to-reach, hard-to-survey populations. Inside, readers will discover first-hand insights from experts who share their successes as well as their failures in their attempts to identify and measure human vulnerabilities across the life course. Coverage first provides an introduction on studying vulnerabilities based on the Total Error Survey framework. Next, the authors present concrete examples on how to survey such populations as the elderly, migrants, widows and widowers, couples facing breast cancer, employees and job seekers, displaced workers, and teenagers during their transition to adulthood. In addition, one essay discusses the rationale for the use of life history calendars in studying social and psychological vulnerability while another records the difficulty the authors faced when trying to set-up an online social network to collect relevant data. Overall, this book demonstrates the importance to have, from the very beginning, a dialogue between specialists of survey methods and the researchers working on social dynamics across the life span. It will serve as an indispensable resource for social scientists interested in gathering and analyzing data on vulnerable individuals and populations in order to construct longitudinal data bases and properly target social policies.Peer reviewe

Le masque, figure polaire de la crise de la Covid-19 : une exploration par NLP du flux des conversations Twitter (février - mai 2020)

The Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the planet offers a spectacular case study in disaster management. In this literature, the participatory paradigm is fundamental: the mitigation of the impact of the disaster, the quality of the preparation and the resilience of the society, facilitate reconstruction, but depend on the participation of populations. Being able to observe and measure the mental health of populations (anxiety, confidence, hopes, etc.), identifying points of controversy and the content of the discourse, remain necessary to accompany measures to encourage this participation. Social media, and in particular Twitter, offer valuable resources for exploring this discourse. The main result is based on the identification of the centrality of the mask figure and aims to establish the importance of the phenomenon. We show this quantitatively, and explore the concept using NLP methods. The background is a major change in the understanding of the crisis. If, at the beginning of the cycle, it is perceived in an exotic way, it then becomes endemic to the social body. We exploit here a database of 2.1 million tweets extracted from a corpus of 110 million, elaborated by an international information science team and dealing with the variants of #Covid-19, #coronavirus, etc: the Covid-19 Twitter data set.La pandémie de Covid-19 qui frappe la planète propose un cas d’étude spectaculaire de management du désastre. Dans cette littérature, le paradigme participatif est fondamental : l’atténuation de l’impact de la catastrophe, la qualité de la préparation et la résilience de la société, facilitent la reconstruction, mais dépendent de la participation des populations. Pouvoir observer et mesurer l’état de santé mentale des populations (anxiété, confiance, espoirs, ...), identifier les points de controverse et le contenu du discours, restent des nécessités pour accompagner les mesures destinées à encourager cette participation. Les médias sociaux, et en particulier Twitter, offrent des ressources précieuses pour explorer ce discours. Le résultat principal repose sur l’identification du caractère central de la figure du masque et vise à établir l’importance du phénomène. Nous le montrons de manière quantitative, et en explorons le concept par les méthodes de NLP. La toile de fond est un changement majeur d’appréhension de la crise. Si, en début de cycle, elle est perçue de manière exotique, elle devient ensuite endémique au corps social. Nous exploitons ici une base de 2,1 millions de tweets extraits d’un corpus de 110 millions, élaborés par une équipe internationale de science de l’information et portant sur les variantes des #Covid-19, #coronavirus, etc. : le Covid-19 Twitter data set

Effects of attention on phase transitions between bimanual coordination patterns: a behavioral and cost analysis in humans

International audienceThe present study aimed to obtain a behavioral analysis of the effects of attentional focus on the dynamics of phase transitions in bimanual coordination and to evaluate the central cost expended by the central nervous system to maintain and stabilize such coordination patterns before and after the transition. Eight subjects were asked to execute an anti-phase coordination pattern (180° of relative phase), while gradually increasing the frequency of oscillation. The central cost was assessed using a dual-task paradigm associating the bimanual coordination task with a reaction time task. Results showed that: (1) the transition process was significantly altered by focusing attention on the bimanual coordination task; and (2) the cost involved in sustaining the bimanual patterns was determined by their coordination dynamics

Angiopoietin-like 4 serum levels on admission for acute myocardial infarction are associated with no-reflow

BACKGROUND: No-reflow in ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Its pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully elucidated yet but enhanced vascular permeability plays a key role in this phenomenon. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) has been implicated in vascular permeability in experimental models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We therefore sought to investigate whether baseline ANGPTL4 serum levels are associated with no-reflow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). METHODS: We studied a group of 41 patients presenting with a first STEMI within 12h of onset of symptoms and who underwent successful PPCI. Blood samples were obtained from all patients on admission before the start of the procedure, for ANGPTL4 level measurement. No-reflow was assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the reference method. RESULTS: MRI-detected no-reflow was observed in 20 patients (48.8%). Variables independently associated with no-reflow on multivariate logistic regression analysis were: lower ANGPTL4 serum levels (odds ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.70-0.98, P=0.02), higher troponin T peak (odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.05, P=0.03), higher incidence of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) as culprit artery (odds ratio 14.61, 95% CI 1.24-172.49, P=0.03), and higher C-reactive protein levels (odds ratio 1.18, 95% CI 1.00-1.39, P=0.05). CONCLUSION: ANGPTL4 serum levels predict MRI-detected no-reflow after successful PPCI in STEMI patients. Given the recently demonstrated therapeutic role of ANGPTL4 in diminishing no-reflow and limiting infarct size in pre-clinical animal models, these findings in humans may open up new possibilities in the field of research

Modélisation hydrothermale des systèmes géothermiques profonds fracturés avec le code ComPASS

International audienceAfin de mieux caractériser les ressources géothermales profondes, à l'aide de modèles conceptuels quantitatifs, physiquement cohérents, l'intégration de différentes approches est nécessaire. Ces systèmes, tout particulièrement ceux de haute énergie, se trouvent souvent dans des contextes géodynamiquement actifs avec une architecture géologique complexe et des structures multi-échelles. Les zones de failles et les fractures y exercent fréquemment un contrôle prédominant sur les transferts de masse et d'énergie. Les méthodes de modélisation géologique basées sur un formalisme implicite offrent un cadre efficace pour construire rapidement des modèles structuraux de ces systèmes, incluant des zones de discontinuités. La réalisation de simulations dynamiques passe ensuite par la construction d'un maillage volumique non structuré qui discrétise ces géométries. Au cours des dernières années, de nombreux progrès ont été accomplis pour la discrétisation des processus de diffusion dans les milieux poreux. Ces recherches ont abouti à plusieurs schémas numériques capables de traiter de manière efficace les hétérogénéités spatiales souterraines (variations de perméabilité, anisotropies ...) et valables sur des maillages polyédriques généraux. A travers plusieurs exemples, nous présentons l'outil ComPASS, qui s'appuie sur ces développements récents (schéma volume fini Vertex Approximate Gradient-VAG) pour simuler les transferts hydrothermaux multiphase et multicomposants. Les simulations peuvent être effectuées sur des maillages non structurés incluant des réseaux complexes de fractures (Discrete Fracture Networks), dans lesquels l'écoulement est bidimensionnel, couplé à l'écoulement tridimensionnel dans la matrice poreuse (modèle hybride). La description physique du système repose sur une formulation de type Coats. L'intégration temporelle est implicite en temps et le système non linéaire résultant est résolu en parallèle en utilisant la bibliothèque PETSc. ComPASS est développé de manière collaborative et distribué sous licence libre GPL. Il utilise une interface de haut niveau en Python, alors que les routines de calcul principales sont écrites en langage compilé

French requirements for the design, manufacture and use of bolts and screws equipping packages for the transport and storage of radioactive material

International audienceIn order to guarantee the behaviour of components important for safety in all conditions of transport, a specific attention should be paid on the bolted flange and screwed assemblies.In this regard, The French nuclear safety authority for defense activities (ASND) and its technical support, the Institute for radiation protection and nuclear safety (IRSN), initiated a working group to identify good practices related to: - the design of screwed assemblies by specifying allowable criteria in all conditions of transport; - the representativeness of screwed components equipping mock-ups or specimens used during drop tests in terms of mechanical properties, dimensions and screws preload; - the hypothesis considered to model, by numerical calculations, the mechanical behavior of the screws; - the manufacturing process to prevent notably the risk of hydrogen embrittlement and the supplying controls to check the as-built properties of the screws; - the instructions for use by listing good practices (star or cross order, time to reach the thermal steady state of the components, markings …).The conclusions of this working group, taking into account transport events feedback and involving the main French applicants (CEA and ORANO TN), will be introduced in a dedicated guidance supported by ASND. The guidance aims at ensuring a high safety level of the radioactive material transportation

French requirements for the design, manufacture and use of bolts and screws equipping packages for the transport and storage of radioactive material

International audienceIn order to guarantee the behaviour of components important for safety in all conditions of transport, a specific attention should be paid on the bolted flange and screwed assemblies.In this regard, The French nuclear safety authority for defense activities (ASND) and its technical support, the Institute for radiation protection and nuclear safety (IRSN), initiated a working group to identify good practices related to: - the design of screwed assemblies by specifying allowable criteria in all conditions of transport; - the representativeness of screwed components equipping mock-ups or specimens used during drop tests in terms of mechanical properties, dimensions and screws preload; - the hypothesis considered to model, by numerical calculations, the mechanical behavior of the screws; - the manufacturing process to prevent notably the risk of hydrogen embrittlement and the supplying controls to check the as-built properties of the screws; - the instructions for use by listing good practices (star or cross order, time to reach the thermal steady state of the components, markings …).The conclusions of this working group, taking into account transport events feedback and involving the main French applicants (CEA and ORANO TN), will be introduced in a dedicated guidance supported by ASND. The guidance aims at ensuring a high safety level of the radioactive material transportation

SPLENDIDE / Michel RIVGAUCHE - Marguerite MONNOT. LE TOURNIQUET / Jean-Pierre MOULIN ; Félix MARTEN ; Orchestre dir : Robert CHAUVIGNY

BnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière