Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Zinc Oxide Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering Application

This research aims to evaluate the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and degradation behavior of scaffolds made of pure hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA‐modified by ZnO for bone tissue engineering applications. HA and ZnO were developed using sol‐gel and precipitation methods respectively. The scaffolds properties were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption (AA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The interaction of scaffold with cells was assessed using in vitro cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays. The obtained results indicate that the HA/ZnO scaffolds possess higher compressive strength, fracture toughness, and density—but lower hardness—when compared to the pure HA scaffolds. After immersing the scaffold in the SBF solution, more deposited apatite appeared on the HA/ZnO, which results in the rougher surface on this scaffold compared to the pure HA scaffold. Finally, the in vitro biological analysis using human osteoblast cells reveals that scaffolds are biocompatible with adequate ALP activity

Evaluation Of Mechanical and Biocompatibility Properties of Hydroxyapatite/Manganese Dioxide Nanocomposite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Application

The aim of this research was to evaluate the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and degradation behavior of scaffolds made of pure hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA‐modified by MnO2 for bone tissue engineering applications. HA and MnO2 were developed using sol‐gel and precipitation methods, respectively. The scaffolds properties were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microcopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The interaction of scaffold with cells was assessed using in vitro cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays. The obtained results indicate that the HA/ MnO2 scaffolds possess higher compressive strength, toughness, hardness, and density when compared to the pure HA scaffolds. After immersing the scaffold in the SBF solution, more deposited apatite appeared on the HA/MnO2, which results in the rougher surface on this scaffold compared to the pure HA scaffold. Finally, the in vitro biological analysis using human osteoblast cells reveals that scaffolds are biocompatible with adequate ALP activit

Pharmacist-led education-based antimicrobial stewardship interventions and their effect on antimicrobial use in hospital inpatients:a systematic review and narrative synthesis

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes optimize antimicrobial use and address antimicrobial resistance. Pharmacists are often key agents of these programmes. The effectiveness of hospital-based AMS interventions when they are led by pharmacists, however, has not previously been reported. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacist-led AMS interventions in improving antimicrobial use for hospital inpatients. Methods: Standard systematic review methods were used. The search strategies and databases used in a previous Cochrane review were applied. Studies that reported pharmacist-led AMS interventions were included. Narrative synthesis was used to report the findings. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Findings: From 6971 records retrieved and screened, 52 full-text articles were included. Most studies were undertaken in teaching hospitals (N = 45) and many were conducted in North America (N = 27). Most interventions targeted junior or ward physicians and lasted between one and six months. All studies evaluated educational interventions often in combination with other interventions and reported improvements ‘in compliance with target AMS practice’. Greater compliance was achieved with multiple interventions. Pharmacist-led interventions reduced the duration of antimicrobial therapy without increasing mortality. No consistency of evidence was achieved in relation to interventions and reduced duration of hospital stay, nor infections due to antimicrobial resistance or occurrence of Clostridium difficile. Conclusion: This is the first systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacist-led AMS interventions in hospital inpatients. Education-based interventions were effective in increasing guideline compliance and reducing duration of antimicrobial therapy. Future hospital-based AMS programmes should consider the involvement of pharmacists to deliver and promote AMS interventions and programmes.</p

Customized topography with tailored porosity control of composite 3D scaffold for enhanced bone tissue engineering

Open Access JournalBioceramic biomaterials provide excellent support for bone tissue engineering, yet there are many shortcomings in physicochemical properties to be improved. Surface topographical features ranging from nano to macro are of great importance in determining the particular cellular responses toward the scaffold. There have been many attempts in the literature to tailor the porosity in order to modify the surface topography. It is known that pore dimension, geometry and overall porosity and interconnectivity have significant impact on cellular attachment, migration and communication. However, the control of porosity parameters in 3D scaffold structure is a challenging task. Different porogens to better customize the porosity have been studied but the challenges are difficult control over pore size and the need to remove porogens to avoid cytotoxic effects. Here, we introduce a novel technique by using non-toxic nonionic surfactant (Tween) as porogens to aid in customizing surface topography by modifying porosity features of composite collagen- HA scaffolds during lyophilization process. Four different ratios of Tween (0, 10, 20, 30 wt%) and two ratios of collagen-HA (85/15 and 92/8 wt%) along with a controlled quenching rate allowed production of a range of porosities (> 90%), pore sizes (≤ 500 nm and 100-300 μm) with high interconnectivity. It is assumed that a range of pore size and geometry will provide a suitable topographical feature that may better support vascularization and cells communication. This will be of great advantages over conventional scaffolds in supporting cellular interactions and improving cellular behaviors for enhanced bone tissue engineering.link_to_OA_fulltex

Vitamin E: a potent surfactant for advanced customization of scaffold’s porosity and hydrophilicity in bone tissue engineering

Rapid Fire Presentations - Session B3 - no. RF-5

Modified Wet Mechanochemical Method For Synthesis Of Optimized Bioceramic Nano-particles

Poster Session 1 Dental Material - Final Presentation ID: 004