Efficiency of Human Plague Vaccination in Tuvinian Natural Plague Focus

Background. Plague is an especially dangerous natural focal infectious disease belonging to a group of quarantine infections. There are eleven natural plague foci in Russian Federation. In Republic Tyva plague endemic territories include Ovyur, Mongun-Taigin and Tes-Hem areas where Y. pestis strains are intermittently isolated from Citellus undulates. Population living at the territory of the natural foci get immunoprophylaxis against plague at complication of epizootic and epidemic conditions.This paper presents the results of monitoring indicators of the immune status of people vaccinated with the plague vaccine living in the territory of the Tuva natural focus.Materials and methods. The study involved 76 volunteers who had not previously been vaccinated. The study included the determination of production IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α by blood cells, titers of specific IgG antibodies to the capsule F1 antigen of the Yersinia pestis, and concentrations of immunoglobulins in serum blood, as well as immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes.Results. In the course of a comprehensive immunological study, features of the development of cellular and humoral reactions in people living in the territory of the Tuva natural plague focus were established in the first months after vaccination. Changes in the concentration dynamics of the main classes of immunoglobulins were accompanied by an increase in the level of specific IgGs to the F1 within 6 months after immunization. In the same period, a significant increase in the production of cytokines, as well as significant changes in terms of the subpopulation composition of the vaccinated blood.Conclusion. It is necessary to note the importance of studying of the human immune status in 1–3 months after plague vaccination as this period coincides with potentially dangerous season from epidemiological point of view. Nevertheless, much important role for improvement of tactics of the specific prevention measures plays the data received after the revaccination

Estimating the impact of the Mongol expansion upon the gene pool of Tuvans

With a view to trace the Mongol expansion in Tuvinian gene pool we studied two largest Tuvinian clans – those in which, according to data of humanities, one could expect the highest Central Asian ancestry, connected with the Mongol expansion. Thus, the results of Central Asian ancestry in these two clans component may be used as upper limit of the Mongol influence upon the Tuvinian gene pool in a whole. According to the data of 59 Y-chromosomal SNP markers, the haplogroup spectra in these Tuvinian tribal groups (Mongush, N = 64, and Oorzhak, N = 27) were similar. On average, two-thirds of their gene pools (63 %) are composed by North Eurasian haplogroups (N*, N1a2, N3a, Q) connected with autochtonous populations of modern area of Tuvans. The Central Asian haplogroups (C2, O2) composed less then fifth part (17 %) of gene pools of the clans studied. The opposite ratio was revealed in Mongols: there were 10 % North Eurasian haplogroups and 75 % Central Asian haplogroups in their gene pool. All the results derived – “genetic portraits”, the matrix of genetic distances, the dendrogram and the multidimensional scaling plot, which mirror the genetic connections between Tuvinian clans and populations of South Siberia and East Asia, demonstrated the prominent similarity of the Tuvinian gene pools with populations from and Khakassia and Altai. It could be therefore assumed that Tuvinian clans Mongush and Oorzhak originated from autochtonous people (supposedly, from the local Samoyed and Kets substrata). The minor component of Central Asian haplogroups in the gene pool of these clans allowed to suppose that Mongol expansion did not have a significant influence upon the Tuvinan gene pool at a whole

MULTICULTURALISM AND EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE: PROBLEMS OF SOCIO-CULTURAL IDENTITY PRESERVATION

The article touches upon the actual problem of our time, related to the influence of the policy of multiculturalism on educational sphere of specific countries. The authors explore the factors that contributed to the formation of this policy in educational system. The positive and negative effects of multiculturalism, which are manifested in educational institutions, are analyzed. The signs of transformation of traditional value system under the influence of multiculturalism are revealed. The authors outline new trends, which bears in itself multiculturalism, being introduced into the educational space of Russia. Particular attention is paid to the subject-object relations in educational process. The authors draw attention to the role of information technology in the spread of multiculturalism in the educational sphere of any society. The article proves that the newest information technologies guarantee the subjects of globalization a priority not only in economy, but also in culture. Global education involves the distribution of the world according to the subject-object attribute. The nations that nowadays play the role of the object of globalization rely on the appropriate educational level. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the prospects for the implementation of the policy of multiculturalism in education as a social institution. The authors conclude that under modern conditions of development of society, an education development strategy should help solve problems of the regional level, optimally fitting into the global context

MULTICULTURALISM AND EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE: PROBLEMS OF SOCIO-CULTURAL IDENTITY PRESERVATION

The article touches upon the actual problem of our time, related to the influence of the policy of multiculturalism on educational sphere of specific countries. The authors explore the factors that contributed to the formation of this policy in educational system. The positive and negative effects of multiculturalism, which are manifested in educational institutions, are analyzed. The signs of transformation of traditional value system under the influence of multiculturalism are revealed. The authors outline new trends, which bears in itself multiculturalism, being introduced into the educational space of Russia. Particular attention is paid to the subject-object relations in educational process. The authors draw attention to the role of information technology in the spread of multiculturalism in the educational sphere of any society. The article proves that the newest information technologies guarantee the subjects of globalization a priority not only in economy, but also in culture. Global education involves the distribution of the world according to the subject-object attribute. The nations that nowadays play the role of the object of globalization rely on the appropriate educational level. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the prospects for the implementation of the policy of multiculturalism in education as a social institution. The authors conclude that under modern conditions of development of society, an education development strategy should help solve problems of the regional level, optimally fitting into the global context