The genus strychnos in colombia

Although the genus Strychnos is very well represented in Colombia, especially on the eastern lowlands drained by the tributaries of the Amazon, until recently, exceedingly few specimens of this genus from Colombia were available in the major herbaria of Europe and of the U. S. A. There appears to be no published record of the species that occur in Colombia.Although the genus Strychnos is very well represented in Colombia, especially on the eastern lowlands drained by the tributaries of the Amazon, until recently, exceedingly few specimens of this genus from Colombia were available in the major herbaria of Europe and of the U. S. A. There appears to be no published record of the species that occur in Colombia

Estudios en las Apocynaceae neotropicales XL: sinopsis del género <i>Prestonia</i> (Apocynoideae, Echiteae) en Ecuador

A synopsis of the genus <i>Prestonia</i> (Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae, Echiteae) in Ecuador is presented and 15 species are reported. A key to species, distributional data, discussion of relationships, and representative specimen citations for each province are provided. An illustration of the enigmatic <i>P. schumanniana</i> Woodson, known only from the type collection, is also included. <i>Prestonia purpurissata</i> Woodson, <i>P. phenax</i> Woodson, <i>P. peregrina</i> Woodson y <i>P. vallis</i> Woodson are reduced to the synonymy of <i>P. annularis</i> (L. f.) G. Don and <i>Echites pallidus</i> Miers to the synonymy of <i>P. mollis</i> Kunth. Lectotypes are designated for <i>Haemadictyon tomentellum</i> Benth., <i>Prestonia phenax</i> Woodson, and <i>P. plumierifolia</i> Markgr. A neotype is designated for <i>P. vallis</i> Woodson.<br><br>Se presenta una sinopsis del género <i>Prestonia</i> (Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae, Echiteae) en Ecuador: en total se registran 15 especies. Se incluye una clave para las especies, datos de distribución, discusión de las afinidades con las posibles especies afines y se cita un espécimen representativo para cada provincia. Adicionalmente, se incluye una ilustración de <i>P. schumanniana</i> Woodson, un enigmático taxón conocido sólo por el tipo. <i>Prestonia purpurissata</i> Woodson, <i>P. phenax</i> Woodson, <i>P. peregrina</i> Woodson y <i>P. vallis</i> Woodson se reducen a la sinonimia de <i>P. annularis</i> (L. f.) G. Don y <i>Echites pallidus</i> Miers bajo el sinómino <i>P. mollis</i> Kunth. Se designan lectótipos para <i>Haemadictyon tomentellum</i> Benth., <i>Prestonia phenax</i> Woodson y <i>P. plumierifolia</i> Markgr. Se designa un neótipo para <i>P. vallis</i> Woodson

Bridging AI and Clinical Practice: Integrating Automated Sleep Scoring Algorithm with Uncertainty-Guided Physician Review

Michal Bechny,1,2 Giuliana Monachino,1,2 Luigi Fiorillo,2 Julia van der Meer,3 Markus H Schmidt,3,4 Claudio LA Bassetti,3 Athina Tzovara,1,3 Francesca D Faraci2 1Institute of Computer Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 2Institute of Digital Technologies for Personalized Healthcare (Meditech), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland; 3Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 4Ohio Sleep Medicine Institute, Dublin, OH, USACorrespondence: Michal Bechny, Institute of Digital Technologies for Personalized Healthcare, East Campus USI-SUPSI, Via la Santa 1, CH-6962 Lugano-Viganello, Lugano, Switzerland, Tel +41 (0)58 666 65 10, Email [email protected]: This study aims to enhance the clinical use of automated sleep-scoring algorithms by incorporating an uncertainty estimation approach to efficiently assist clinicians in the manual review of predicted hypnograms, a necessity due to the notable inter-scorer variability inherent in polysomnography (PSG) databases. Our efforts target the extent of review required to achieve predefined agreement levels, examining both in-domain (ID) and out-of-domain (OOD) data, and considering subjects’ diagnoses.Patients and Methods: A total of 19,578 PSGs from 13 open-access databases were used to train U-Sleep, a state-of-the-art sleep-scoring algorithm. We leveraged a comprehensive clinical database of an additional 8832 PSGs, covering a full spectrum of ages (0– 91 years) and sleep-disorders, to refine the U-Sleep, and to evaluate different uncertainty-quantification approaches, including our novel confidence network. The ID data consisted of PSGs scored by over 50 physicians, and the two OOD sets comprised recordings each scored by a unique senior physician.Results: U-Sleep demonstrated robust performance, with Cohen’s kappa (K) at 76.2% on ID and 73.8– 78.8% on OOD data. The confidence network excelled at identifying uncertain predictions, achieving AUROC scores of 85.7% on ID and 82.5– 85.6% on OOD data. Independently of sleep-disorder status, statistical evaluations revealed significant differences in confidence scores between aligning vs discording predictions, and significant correlations of confidence scores with classification performance metrics. To achieve κ ≥ 90% with physician intervention, examining less than 29.0% of uncertain epochs was required, substantially reducing physicians’ workload, and facilitating near-perfect agreement.Conclusion: Inter-scorer variability limits the accuracy of the scoring algorithms to ~80%. By integrating an uncertainty estimation with U-Sleep, we enhance the review of predicted hypnograms, to align with the scoring taste of a responsible physician. Validated across ID and OOD data and various sleep-disorders, our approach offers a strategy to boost automated scoring tools’ usability in clinical settings.Keywords: automated sleep scoring, uncertainty quantification, explainable AI, polysomnography, sleep medicin

Synthesis and DPPH scavenging assay of reserpine analogues, computational studies and in silico docking studies in AChE and BChE responsible for Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fast growing neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system and anti-oxidants can be used to help suppress the oxidative stress caused by the free radicals that are responsible for AD. A series of selected synthetic indole derivatives were biologically evaluated to identify potent new antioxidants. Most of the evaluated compounds showed significant to modest antioxidant properties (IC50 value 399.07 140.0±50 µM). Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies were carried out on the compounds and their corresponding free radicals. Differences in the energy of the parent compounds and their corresponding free radicals provided a good justification for the trend found in their IC50 values. In silico, docking of compounds into the proteins acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), which are well known for contributing in AD disease, was also performed to predict anti-AD potential

laeve

Paspalum laeve Michx.field paspalumPaspalum longipilumN. of Bot. St., Bronx Park, City of New Yor

amarum

Panicum amarum Elliottbitter panicgrassPanicum amarumSunken Meadow State Park, Long Islan

A note on Schlegelia and Dermatocalyx

Volume: 3Start Page: 102End Page: 10

verticilliformis

Setaria verticilliformis Dumortierbarbed foxtailsétaire de GussoneSetaria ambiguaVernon Blv. & 46 Ave., Long Island City, Queens, City of New Yor

montana

Xyris montana Riesnorthern yellow-eyed-grassxyris des montagnesXyris flexuosusMassapequa State Park, Long Islan