Direct Enantiomeric Resolution of Betaxolol with Application to Analysis of Pharmaceutical Products

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed for the separation and determination of S- and R-enantiomers of betaxolol in tablets and ophthalmic preparations. Baseline resolution was achieved by using teicoplanin macrocyclic antibiotic chiral stationary phase (CSP) known as Chirobiotic T with fluorescence detection at excitation/emission wavelengths 275/305 nm. The polar ionic mobile phase (PIM) consists of methanol-glacial acetic acid-triethylamine, (100:0.020:0.025, v/v/v) has been used at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. All analytes with S-(–)-atenolol as internal standard were conducted at ambient temperature. The method is highly specific where another coformulated compounds did not interfere. The stability of betaxolol enantiomers under different degree of temperature also studied. The results showed that it is stable for at least 7 days at 70°C. The method validated for its linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. Experimental design was used during validation to evaluate method robustness. Using the chromatographic conditions described, S- and R-betaxolol were well resolved with mean retention times of 11.3 and 12.6 min, respectively. Linear response (r > 0.997) was observed over the range of 10–500 ng/ml of betaxolol enantiomers, with detection limit of 5 ng/ml. The recoveries of S- and R-betaxolol from tablets and ophthalmic preparation ranged from 97.4 to 101.4% and 98.0 to 102.0%, respectively. The mean relative standard deviation (R.S.D.%) for both enantiomers were 1.1–1.4% and 1.3–1.7% in tablets and ophthalmic solution, respectively

3-(Adamantan-1-yl)-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione

The title mol­ecule, C15H21N3S, exists as the thione tautomer in the solid state. The 1,2,4-triazole ring is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.004 Å) and the prop-2-en-1-yl chain is close to being perpendicular to this plane [C—N—C—C torsion angle = 77.1 (5)°]. In the crystal, centrosymmetric dimeric aggregates are formed by pairs of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds as parts of eight-membered (⋯HNCS)2 synthons. These are connected into layers parallel to (101) via C—H⋯π inter­actions, where the π-system is the triazole ring. The investigated sample was a nonmerohedral twin; the refined domain ratio was 0.655 (4):0.345 (4)

Digital Citizenship And Mental And Physical Well-Being Of Saudi Citizens

Background: The escalating integration of technology and digital platforms in the lives of individuals raises pertinent concerns regarding its impact on mental and physical well-being. This study aims to explore the association between Digital Citizenship and the well-being of Saudi citizens, considering the multifaceted dimensions of digital behavior and their potential consequences. Method: Employing a cross-sectional descriptive research design, data was collected from a diverse sample of 400 healthcare workers in the Jizan Region, KSA. The Digital Citizenship Scale was utilized to assess online behaviors, while the Short Form 12 (SF-12) Questionnaire gauged mental and physical well-being. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation, t-tests, and ANOVA were employed for data analysis. Results: The findings revealed a significant correlation between various facets of digital citizenship and mental and physical well-being. Responsible digital behaviors, such as online etiquette and security consciousness, correlated positively with enhanced well-being. Conversely, exposure to cyberbullying and security breaches was associated with lower well-being scores. Conclusion: The study underscores the vital role of responsible digital citizenship in shaping the mental and physical well-being of Saudi citizens. Promoting awareness and education regarding digital behaviors can contribute to a healthier online environment. Policymakers, educators, and healthcare professionals are encouraged to collaborate in integrating digital citizenship education and initiatives to safeguard the well-being of individuals in the digital age

Novel spectrophotometric method for determination of cinacalcet hydrochloride in its tablets via derivatization with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate

This study represents the first report on the development of a novel spectrophotometric method for determination of cinacalcet hydrochloride (CIN) in its tablet dosage forms. Studies were carried out to investigate the reaction between CIN and 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) reagent. In alkaline medium (pH 8.5), an orange red-colored product exhibiting maximum absorption peak (λmax) at 490 nm was produced. The stoichiometry and kinetic of the reaction were investigated and the reaction mechanism was postulated. This color-developing reaction was employed in the development of a simple and rapid visible-spectrophotometric method for determination of CIN in its tablets. Under the optimized reaction conditions, Beer's law correlating the absorbance with CIN concentration was obeyed in the range of 3 - 100 μg/ml with good correlation coefficient (0.9993). The molar absorptivity (ε) was 4.2 × 105 l/mol/cm. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.9 and 5.7 μg/ml, respectively. The precision of the method was satisfactory; the values of relative standard deviations (RSD) did not exceed 2%. No interference was observed from the excipients that are present in the tablets. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of CIN in its pharmaceutical tablets with good accuracy and precisions; the label claim percentage was 100.80 - 102.23 ± 1.27 - 1.62%. The results were compared favorably with those of a reference pre-validated method. The method is practical and valuable in terms of its routine application in quality control laboratories

The need for national medical licensing examination in Saudi Arabia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Medical education in Saudi Arabia is facing multiple challenges, including the rapid increase in the number of medical schools over a short period of time, the influx of foreign medical graduates to work in Saudi Arabia, the award of scholarships to hundreds of students to study medicine in various countries, and the absence of published national guidelines for minimal acceptable competencies of a medical graduate.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>We are arguing for the need for a Saudi national medical licensing examination that consists of two parts: Part I (Written) which tests the basic science and clinical knowledge and Part II (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) which tests the clinical skills and attitudes. We propose this examination to be mandated as a licensure requirement for practicing medicine in Saudi Arabia.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The driving and hindering forces as well as the strengths and weaknesses of implementing the licensing examination are discussed in details in this debate.</p

Development of an HPLC method for the quantitation of bisoprolol enantiomers in pharmaceutical products using a teicoplanin chiral stationary phase and fluorescence detection

High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) has become one of the most applied techniques in the chiral separation of different racemates.Several chiral stationary phases (CSPs) have been developed and used for the chiral separation of a variety of racemates. Among these CSPs, macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotic based CSPs are very important as they have achieved an excellent reputation in the field of chiral separation. The importance of this type of CSPs includes its ease of use, reproducible results, and a wide range of applications.A selective high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the separation and quantification of bisoprolol enantiomers in pharmaceutical products. The method is highly specific where another coformulated drug, hydrochlorothiazide, did not interfere. Baseline resolution was achieved by using teicoplanin macrocyclic antibiotic chiral stationary phase (CSP), known as Chirobiotic T, with fluorescence detection at excitation/emission wavelengths 275/ 305 nm. The polar ionic mobile phase (PIM) consisting of methanol-glacial acetic acid-triethylamine, (100:0.020:0.025), (v/v/v) has been used at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. All analytes with S-(-)-atenolol as the internal standard were conducted at room temperature. The stability of bisoprolol enantiomers under different degrees of temperature was also studied. The results showed that the drug is stable for at least 7 days at 708C. The method was validated for its linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. An experimental design was used during validation to evaluate method robustness. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 5-250 ng/mL for each enantiomer, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 for both enantiomers. The overall recoveries of S-(-)- and R-(+)-bisoprolol from pharmaceutical products ranged from 97.6 to 100.5% with %RSD ranging from 0.7 to 2.6%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) for each enantiomer were 5 and 2 ng/mL, respectively. The method proved to be of chiral quality control for bisoprolol formulations by HPLC

Chiral stability-indicating HPLC method for analysis of arotinolol in pharmaceutical formulation and human plasma

AbstractAn enantioselective stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the analysis of arotinolol in standard solution. The degradation behaviour of arotinolol was investigated under different stress conditions recommended by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). Resolution of the drug and complete separation from its degradation products were successfully achieved on a Chirobiotic V column, using UV detector set at 315nm, polar organic mobile phase (POM) consisting of methanol:glacial acetic acid:triethylamine, 100:0.02:0.03, (v/v/v), and a flow rate of 1ml/min. The drug was subjected to oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis, and heat to apply stress conditions. The drug was found to degrade in alkaline, acidic, oxidative conditions and when exposed to heat. The drug was stable to sunlight. The method reported here has also been successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulation and to human plasma that spiked with stock solutions of arotinolol enantiomers.Arotinolol enaniomers were recovered from plasma by using liquid–liquid extraction procedure with ethyl ether. The method was highly specific, where degradation products and coformulated compounds did not interfere, and was sensitive with good precision and accuracy and was linear over the range of 50–400ng/ml (R2>0.9981) with a detection limit of 20ng/ml for each enantiomer. The mean extraction efficiency for arotinolol was in the ranges 96–104% for each enantiomer. The mean relative standard deviation (RSD) of the results of within-day precision and accuracy of the drug were ⩽7.1%. There was no significant difference between inter- and intra-day studies for each enantiomers which confirmed the reproducibility of the assay. The overall recoveries of arotinolol enantiomers from pharmaceutical formulations were in the ranges 97.6–101.8%