Effects of single-GI ablation on stimulus-angle dependencies of walking direction and turn angle.

<p>Left drawings show morphology of GI8-1 (upper) and GI9-1b within TAG. A, Plots of walking direction (A1) and turn angle (A2) against stimulus angle in GI8-1-ablated crickets. Red dots and lines represent ablated sample (N = 6) and gray ones represent controls (N = 8). The approximate lines are given by (ablated) and (control). Distributions of the turn angles in A2 were given by (ablated) and (control). Ablation of GI8-1 had no effect on stimulus-angle dependency of walking direction, but did affect turn angle. Plots of walking direction (B1) and turn angle (B2) against stimulus angle in GI9-1b-ablated crickets. Blue dots and lines represent ablated sample (N = 3) and gray ones represent controls. The approximate lines were given by (ablated) and (control). Distributions of the turn angles were approximated by (ablated) and (control). The stimulus-angle dependencies of walking direction and turn angle were not significantly affected by GI9-1b ablation.</p

Effects of ablation of single GI on walking distance and response latency.

<p>Columns and error bars indicate mean ± S.E.M. of all data for GI8-1-ablated (N = 6), GI9-1b-ablated (N = 3) and control samples (N = 8). A, Walking distances during initial responses in GI8-1- and GI9-1b-ablated crickets. GI8-1 ablation reduced the walking distance, while GI9-1b ablation had no effect on this parameter. B, Response latency in GI8-1- and GI9-1b-ablated crickets. Response latency was prolonged by GI9-1b ablation, but was not significantly affected by GI8-1 ablation.</p

Effects of nerve-cord ablation on walking distance and response latency.

<p>Columns and error bars indicate mean ± S.E.M. of all data for each experimental condition. A, Walking distance in animals with various patterns of nerve-cord ablation. Bilateral ablation (ambi-cut) of connective nerve cord between SOG and PTG reduced walking distance. B, Response latency in animals with various patterns of nerve-cord ablation. Fourth AG and TAG hemi-cut had no effects, while hemi- and ambi-cut of the nerve cord at SOG-PTG reduced response latency.</p

Response probability of wind-elicited walking in various patterns of nerve-cord ablation.

<p>Bars represent percentages of animals exhibiting walking behavior in response to air-current stimulation from eight different angles. In the hemi-cut experiments, the angles on the cut side of the nerve cord are indicated as minus values. Control animals (N = 5, for each condition) were subjected to similar dissections to expose the nerve cords, but without ablation. * indicates that the AIC value of the model containing the ablation effect was smaller than that of the model without the ablation effect. A, Response probabilities in 4th-TAG hemi-cut (N = 10, yellow bars) and ambi-cut (N = 10, orange bars) conditions. The probability of response to a stimulus from the cut side was decreased in hemi-cut conditions. Crickets in ambi-cut conditions never responded to air-currents from any angle. B, Response probabilities in SOG-PTG hemi-cut (N = 10, magenta bars) and ambi-cut animals. The response probability to a stimulus from the cut side was decreased in hemi-cut conditions, while a few ambi-cut animals responded to stimulation from behind.</p

Stimulus-angle dependencies of locomotory parameters in the initial response.

<p>Each dot represents the results of a trial in an individual animal (N = 10). A, Plot of the walking direction against stimulus angle. The approximated line was expressed as . B, Plot of turn angle against stimulus angle approximated by . C, Plot of walking distance against stimulus angle. D, Plot of response latency against stimulus angle.</p