Forensic Linguistics: A Conceptual Frame of Bribery with Linguistic and Legal Features (a case study in Iran)

Criminology is a wide-spread science with different scientific branches, one of which is forensic linguistics. Forensic linguistics as a sub-branch of linguistics is a new-born science which makes connection between linguistics and the law. Linguistic findings have been considered as evidences in courts in two last decades. Linguistics is a scientific study of language, and forensic linguistics as sub-branch of it could push linguistic findings into the jurisdiction. Forensic linguistics examines crime such as bribery with a new look. Bribery is a special crime committed by language; therefore, it is called language crime. The author aims to provide a conceptual frame, considering constructive features. Having gathered different data in Iranian courts and Bureau of Police investigation, the author found that speech act as a linguistic and constructive element is very important to form language crimes like bribery. Besides, bribery has five stages including problem, illegal proposal, perlocutionary act, completion and extension

Police Genre: Interruption and its Classification as a Sign of Asymmetry in Police Interview/Interrogation

Generic knowledge is, in part, knowledge of what texts and their constituents do. Since this knowledge creates infrastructure for different kinds of talk like legal talk, police genre as a branch of legal talk is born. As Gibbons (2003:130) says (quoting Swales 1990), genres are ‘prototypes’ that can be followed or modified. The most usual feature of police genre is questioning. Questioning is done under powerful relation between police officer [interviewer] and culprit [interviewee]. This asymmetrical relation cause police officer easily interrupts his interviewee. In order to explain and analyze the police genre, all signs should be identified. Therefore, the author concentrates on interruption and its types. Having gathered data in Iranian courts and Bureau of Police Investigation, the author found nine different types of interruption with aims of getting information, cooperation, etc

Linguistic recontextualization of police interrogation: a new approach in Forensic Linguistics

Forensic linguistics is a discipline coordinated with legal goals in the judicial system, focusing on all branches of linguistics including phonetics, semantics, discourse etc. This science is not so known in Iran; where as, it can have a lot of applications in judicial system. The author aims to show how linguistic tools can help to rebuild the police interrogation. In Iran, it is common a police interview is changed into a written form. It brings some problems like the accused one denies what has been written later in front of a judge that he has not said that so. Having observed more than 50 live cases in courts and police stations, the author draws this conclusion that linguistic parameters like semantic tools (meaning of verb), syntactic tools (mood of verb), discoursal tools (power relation)… can be effective to recontextualize the police interrogation

A new approach to identify crimes in Iranian society: Forensic Linguistics

Forensic linguistics is a discipline coordinated with legal goals in the judicial system, focusing on all branches of linguistics including phonetics, semantics, discourse and etc. This science is not so known in Iran; where as, it can have a lot of applications in judicial system. The authors aim to show how linguistic tools can help the jury and judges especially when there are no clear and typical available proof and documents. Having observed more than 50 live cases in courts and police stations, the authors draw this conclusion that linguistic parameters like semantic tools (meaning of verb), syntactic tools (mood of verb), discoursal tools (power relation)… can be effective to identify and analyze crimes

Identifying the Components of Gamification in Content Marketing

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to identify the components of gamification in content marketing based on the perspectives of managers and librarians at Malek National Library and Museum. Methodology: This study employed an applied research approach and utilized a descriptive survey method. The research population consisted of all managers and librarians (totaling 20 individuals) at Malek Library and Museum. A researcher-developed questionnaire consisting of four components and 50 items was used as the data collection tool. The validity of the questionnaire was determined through expert opinions, and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.779). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24, utilizing descriptive statistics such as frequency percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Friedman's test. Findings: According to the research participants, the factor of gamification mechanics with an average rating of 2.13 was deemed more important in content strategy. In terms of content production, the dynamics of gamification had a higher average rating of 2.31 compared to the other two factors. For content creation and optimization, participants considered the dynamic gamification factor (average rating of 2.19) as more significant than the other two factors. Lastly, in the context of content dissemination and distribution, the gamification mechanics factor was rated highest with an average rating of 2.38 compared to the other two factors. Conclusion: From the viewpoint of librarians and managers at Malek Library and Museum, the elements of gamification mechanics and dynamics were the most important factors in content marketing. Value: Given the nature of service provision in libraries and museums, as well as their contribution to national production, the integration of gamification and content marketing can greatly assist in growth, expansion, and meeting customer needs and demands

The effectiveness of exercise-therapy on improvement of balance, gait, quality of life and depression in elderly patients with vertigo due to peripheral disturbances of vestibular system

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:1; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face {font-family:"B Zar"; panose-1:0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:178; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:8193 -2147483648 8 0 64 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:right; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; direction:rtl; unicode-bidi:embed; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;} p.abst, li.abst, div.abst {mso-style-name:abst; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-link:"abst Char"; margin-top:3.0pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; margin-left:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; direction:rtl; unicode-bidi:embed; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"B Zar";} span.abstChar {mso-style-name:"abst Char"; mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-locked:yes; mso-style-link:abst; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"B Zar"; mso-bidi-font-family:"B Zar";} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --

Percutaneous re-surgical approach for delayed bleeding caused by pseudoaneurysm following percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Post percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) vascular complications included arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm can cause early or late bleeding and result in unstable condition. Selective trans-arterial embolization is the gold standard technique to manage arterial pseudoaneurysm. Herein, we present a case of pseudoaneurysm following PCNL and describe an alternative technique for its removal using a grasper under C-arm vision. Percutaneous re-surgical approach to post-PCNL hemorrhage due to pseudoaneurysm by using a nephro-grasper to pick up the renal artery pseudoaneurysm would be safe, effective and can provide a direct view of pyelocaliceal system for surgeons; And can be a proper alternative for angioembolization

The effect of the heel- to- toe rocker shoe on limitation of the foot and ankle joints motions

Background : Rocker sole are the most commonly prescribed external therapeutic shoe modification. rocker profiles have also proven useful in the treatment of conditions requiring limitation of the ankle and midfoot motions. The aim of this study was to assessed the effects of the heel- to-toe rocker shoes on the motion of the forefoot and hindfoot . Materials and Methods: In this quasi-exprimental study, three-dimentional gait analysis was performed on 15 healthy volunteers girls with normal BMI and normal gait pattern, between 18-24 years old . A Vicon 470 system(Oxford Metrix, U.K.) consisting of 6 ultra-red cameras operating at 60Hz and two kistler forceplate(A9286) was used.The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to statistical analysis. the motion of the forefoot and hindfoot compared between traditional shoes and heel- to-toe rocker shoes. Results: The statistical analysis using Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that the hindfoot joint excursion while wearing rocker shoes in sagittal plane was significantly less than that while wearing traditional shoes(p=0.005) but in frontal plane increased(p=0.028) and no obvious rocker shoe effect was found in the transverse plane(p=0.203). The average of forefoot joint excursion in the sagittal plane while wearing modified shoes shoes was significantly less than that while wearing traditional shoes(p=0.047) but in frontal plane with modified shoes forefoot joint excursion increased(p=0.013). and in transverse plane this rocker shoe significantly restricted hindfoot motion (p=0.015). Conclusion: Thisstudy showed that the heel- to-toe rocker shoe significantly restricts foot joints motions in sagittal plane but joints motions in frontal plain increase with this modification