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    Abordaje integrativo del insomnio en atenci贸n primaria: medidas no farmacol贸gicas y fitoterapia frente al tratamiento convencional

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    ResumenIntroducci贸nEl insomnio es un trastorno del sue帽o que imposibilita iniciarlo o mantenerlo. En alg煤n momento de la vida, hasta un 50% de adultos lo padecen ante situaciones estresantes.ObjetivoEvaluar el impacto de medidas higi茅nicas del sue帽o, t茅cnicas de relajaci贸n y fitoterapia para abordar el insomnio, comparado con medidas habituales (tratamiento farmacol贸gico).Metodolog铆aEstudio experimental, retrospectivo, sin asignaci贸n aleatorizada. Revisi贸n de pacientes diagnosticados de insomnio (2008-2010).Los pacientes de grupo intervenci贸n (GI) recibieron abordaje integrativo (medidas higi茅nicas, t茅cnicas de relajaci贸n y fitoterapia), y los del grupo control (GC), tratamiento convencional.Se compararon resultados de uso de recursos (media mensual de visitas pre y posdiagn贸stico), tipo de tratamiento farmacol贸gico prescrito y dosis total.Evaluaci贸n de la calidad del sue帽o a los 18-24meses (test de Epworth).ResultadosSe incluyeron 48 pacientes en GI y 47 en GC (70% mujeres, media de edad 46a帽os (DE: 14,3).La media mensual de visitas prediagn贸stico fue 0,54(DE: 0,42) en GI y 0,53 (DE: 0,53) en GC (p=0,88). La media posterior fue 0,36 (DE: 0,24) y 0,65(DE: 0,46), respectivamente (p<0,0001), observ谩ndose reducci贸n estad铆sticamente significativa en GI.Recibieron alguna benzodiacepina el 52,5% de los pacientes GI y el 93,6% de los del GC (p<0,0001). En GC se prescribi贸 m谩s alprazolam y lorazepam, con dosis acumuladas superiores.En la evaluaci贸n posterior no presentaban insomnio el 17% de los pacientes del GI y el 5% del GC. Presentaban insomnio severo el 13% de los pacientes del GC y ninguno del GI (p<0,0001).ConclusionesEl abordaje integrativo del insomnio puede ser resolutivo, disminuyendo las visitas y los efectos secundarios y la dependencia a benzodiacepinas.AbstractIntroductionInsomnia is a sleep disorder in which there is an inability to fall asleep or to stay asleep. At some point in life, 50% of adults suffer from it, usually in stress situations.AimTo evaluate the impact of sleep hygiene measures, relaxations techniques, and herbal medicine to deal with insomnia, compared with standard measures (drug treatment).MethodologyAn experimental, retrospective, non-randomized study was conducted by means of a review of patients diagnosed with insomnia (2008-2010).Patients in the intervention group (IG) received an integrative approach (hygiene measures, relaxation techniques, and herbal medicine) and a control group (CG) with conventional treatment.A comparison was made of the resources used in the two groups (average monthly visits pre- and post-diagnosis), type of prescribed drug therapy and total dose.Sleep quality was evaluated at 18-24months (Epworth test).ResultsA total of 48 patients were included in the IG and 47 in the CG (70% women, mean age 46years (SD: 14.3).Average monthly visit pre-diagnosis was 0.54 (SD: 0.42) in the IG and 0.53 (SD: 0.53) in the CG (P=.88). Post-diagnosis it was 0.36 (SD: 0.24) and 0.65 (SD: 0.46), respectively (P<.0001), with a statistically significant reduction being observed in the IG.More than half (52.5%) of the IG patients and 93.6% in the CG had received a benzodiazepine (P<.0001). Alprazolam and lorazepam were the most prescribed in the CG and with higher cumulative dose.In the subsequent evaluation, 17% of patients in the IG and 5% in CG did not have insomnia. Severe insomnia was present in 13% of patients in the IG and none in CG (P<.0001).ConclusionsThe integrative approach to insomnia may be worthwhile as it reduces resource use and side effects, as well as dependence to benzodiazepines
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