138 research outputs found
Uticaj sorte i godine na filohron ozimog jeÄma
Development and growth of leaves in cereals significantly affects grain yield since dry matter accumulation depends on the leaf area that intercepts light. Phyllochron (PHY) is defined as time interval between the emergences of successive leaves on the main stem. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of year and cultivar on phyllochron in winter barley. Twelve cultivars of winter barley differing in origin and time of anthesis were tested during six growing seasons (GS), from 2002/03 to 2007/08. The highest PHY across GSs was determined in the two-rowed cultivar Cordoba (81.6Ā°Cd) and the lowest in the two-rowed cultivar Novosadski 581 (71.0Ā°Cd). The early cultivars had fast leaf development, the medium cultivars medium and the late cultivars slow development, 72.5Ā°Cd, 75.6Ā°Cd and 78.9Ā°Cd, respectively. The tested cultivars showed significant variability in the PHY, which can be used for selecting most adaptable genotypes for specific growing conditions.RazviÄe i rast listova žita znaÄajno utiÄe na prinos zrna jer akumulacija suve materije zavisi od lisne povrÅ”ine koja apsorbuje sunÄevu svetlost. Filohron se definiÅ”e kao vremenski interval izmeÄu pojave sukcesivnih listova na glavnom stablu. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se odredi efekat godine i sorte na dužinu filohrona kod ozimog jeÄma. Dvanaest sorti ozimog jeÄma razliÄitih po poreklu i vremenu do cvetanja testirano je tokom Å”est proizvodnih sezona, od 2002/03. do 2007/08. na lokalitetu 'Novi Sad'. Najduži filohron (81.6Ā°Cd) imala je sorta dvoredog jeÄma 'Kordoba', a najkraÄi (71.0Ā°Cd) sorta dvoredog jeÄma 'Novosadski 581'. Rane sote imale su najbrži, srednje rane, srednji i kasne sorte najsporiji porast listova. Kod ranih sorti proseÄna vrednost filohrona iznosila je 72.5Ā°Cd, srednje ranih 75.6Ā°Cd i kasnih 78.9Ā°Cd. Testirane sorte pokazale su znaÄajnu varijabilnost u dužini filohrona, Å”to može predstavljati osnovu u izboru najadaptabilnijih genotipova u odreÄenim uslovima spoljne sredine
Uticaj sorte i godine na broj listova kod ozimog jeÄma
Leaf appearance in small cereals is the result of leaf primordium initiation and leaf primordium extension. Final leaf number (FLN) on main stem is determined by the number of primordia initiated up to the beginning of floral transition. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of growing season and cultivar on FLN in winter barley. Twelve cultivars differing in origin and time of anthesis (early, medium and late) were tested during six growing seasons (GS), from 2002/03 to 2007/08. FLN across cultivars and GSs was 13.5. The highest FLN across GSs was in the late, six-rowed barley cultivar Kredit (14.7) and the lowest in the early, two-rowed barley cultivar Novosadski 581 (11.3). In regard to earliness, the lowest FLN was in the early groups of cultivars (12.9) and the highest in the late ones (13.9). The tested cultivars showed significant variability in FLN, which can be used for selecting most adaptable genotypes for specific growing conditions.Pojava listova kod strnih žita rezultat je formiranja i izduživanja primordija listova. KonaÄan broj listova na glavnom stablu zavisi od broja formiranih primordija do pojave primordija klasiÄa. Cilj ovoga istraživanja je da se odredi uticaj godine i sorte na konaÄan broj listova na glavnom stablu kod ozimog jeÄma. Dvanaest sorti jeÄma, divergentnih po poreklu i vremenu cvetanja (rane, srednje, kasne) testirane su u periodu od Å”est proizvodnih sezona. ProseÄan broj listova na glavnom stablu za ispitivane sorte i sezone iznosio je 13,5. NajveÄi proseÄan broj listova (14,7) imala je kasna sorta Å”estoredog jeÄma 'Kredit', a najmanji (11,3) rana sorta dvoredog jeÄma 'Novosadski 581'. U odnosu na grupe zrenja najmanji broj listova bio je kod grupe ranih sorti (12,9), a najveÄi kod grupe kasnih sorti (13,9). Ispitivane sorte razlikovale su se znaÄajno u konaÄnom broju listova, Å”to se može iskoristiti u izboru adaptabilnih genotipova za odreÄena podruÄja
Osobine jarog jeÄma u Panonskoj zoni
Environmental conditions in the Pannonian zone can be characterized with moderate high temperature and partially water deficit during grain filling of spring barley, although low temperature and water deficit are possible also in period till anthesis. This study was conducted to evaluate the variation of the duration of the period from emergence to anthesis (VP), duration of grain filling period (GFP), plant height (PH), spikes number m-2 (SN), grains number spike-1 (GN), thousand grains weight (GW) and yield (YIL) in spring two-rowed barley in conditions of the Pannonian zone. All three factors; genotype, environment and the interaction GxY affected the studied traits. Average VP was 777 GDD, GFP 782 GDD, PH 78 cm, SN 523, GN 28.2, GW 43.2 g and YIL 6.26 t ha-1. Variation across varieties was higher than across growing seasons. Heritability varied from 0.66 for YIL to 0.94 for VP and GFP. This study confirmed that a sufficiently large genetic variability must be base for selecting appropriate varieties for the Pannonian zone conditions. In order to determine high yielding and quality barley extensive research in relation to breeding, variety choice for production and growing practice must be done.EkoloÅ”ki uslovi u Panonskoj zoni odlikuju se umereno visokim temperaturama i delimiÄnim deficitom vode tokom perioda nalivanja zrna jarog jeÄma, mada su niske temperature i deficit vode moguÄi i u periodu do cvetanja. U sedmogodiÅ”njim istraživanjima prouÄavano je variranje nekih fizioloÅ”kih, morfoloÅ”kih i produktivnih osobina jarog dvoredog jeÄma u uslovima Panonske zone, na lokalitetu Novi Sad. ProseÄna dužina perioda od nicanja do cvetanja- vegetativni period, iznosila je 777Ā°C sume aktivnih temperatura, perioda nalivanja zrna 782Ā°C, visina stabljike 78 cm, broj klasova po m-2 523, broj zrna po klasu 28,2, masa hiljadu zrna 43,2 g i prinos zrna 6,26 t ha-1. Heritabilnost je varirala od 0,66 za prinos do 0,94 za vegetativni period i period nalivanja zrna. Varijabilnost svih ispitivanih osobina bila je odreÄena genotipom, godinom i interakcijom genotip x godina. Ova istraživanja su potvrdila da je izbor odgovarajuÄih sorti za agroekoloÅ”ke uslove Panonske zone moguÄ iz dovoljno Å”iroke genetiÄke varijabilnosti. Intenzivan oplemenjivaÄki rad, testiranje velikog broja sortu radi izbora najpovoljnijih za odreÄeno podruÄje i definisanje adekvatne tehnologije proizvodnje osnova su za postizanje visokog prinosa i dobrog kvaliteta pivskog jeÄma
Analiza vegetativnog perioda i perioda nalivanja zrna kod ozime pŔenice hijerarhijskim modelom viŔestruke regresije, II - period nalivanja zrna
In wheat, rate and duration of dry matter accumulation and remobilization depend on genotype and growing conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the most appropriate polynomial regression of stepwise regression procedure for describing grain filling period in three winter wheat cultivars. The stepwise regression procedure showed that grain filling is a complex biological process and that it is difficult to offer a simple and appropriate polynomial equation that fits the pattern of changes in dry matter accumulation during the grain filling period, i.e., from anthesis to maximum grain weight, in winter wheat. If grain filling is to be represented with a high power polynomial, quartic and quintic equations showed to be most appropriate. In spite of certain disadvantages, a cubic equation of stepwise regression could be used for describing the pattern of winter wheat grain filling.Stopa i trajanje akumulacije suve materije u zrnu zavisi od genotipa i uslova gajenja. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je da se metodom hijerarhijske viÅ”estruke regresije odredi matematiÄki model nalivanja zrna kod tri sorte ozime pÅ”enice. Ovaj metod je pokazao da je nalivanje zrna kompleksan bioloÅ”ki proces, i da je teÅ”ko odrediti jedinstvenu i odgovarajuÄu matematiÄku jednaÄinu koja bi odreÄivala promenu u sadržaju suve materije u zrnu od cvetanja do postizanja maksimalne mase zrna. Primenom navedenog metoda utvrÄeno je da se promena u masi zrna tokom njegovog nalivanja može predstaviti polinomom Äetvrtog ili petog stepena. PoÅ”to se radi o priliÄno komplikovanim jednaÄinama predlaže se primena, kubna jednaÄina, uprkos njenim odreÄenim nedostacima
Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and use in spring barley
During growth, kernel of cereals can be provided with carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) from the translocation of pre-anthesis accumulated reserves stored either in the vegetative plant parts or from current assimilation during kernel development. This study was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen level and cultivars on dry matter and N accumulation and mobilization during pre-anthesis and post-anthesis. Twenty two-rowed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were grown on a non-calcareous chernozem soil in four growing seasons (1995-1998) at Novi Sad (45degrees20'N, 15degrees51'E, 86 in a.s.l.) at two nitrogen levels. Dry matter accumulation before anthesis ranged from less than 50% in unfavorable to 90% in favorable growing conditions. Dry matter translocation occurred in favorable growing conditions only. Pre-anthesis accumulated N represented 57-92% and 54-129% of total N at maturity at the low and high N levels, respectively. Translocated N represented 41-85% and 37-153% of grain N at the low and high N level, respectively. N losses occurred in favorable growing conditions when anthesis N exceeded 150 kg/ha. N accumulation during grain filling was in negative correlation with dry matter and N accumulation before anthesis. The N harvest index was 0.57-0.63 and 0.71-0.74 in unfavorable and favorable growing conditions, respectively. Selection of genotypes with a higher ability of pre-anthesis reserve utilization or genotypes with longer leaf area duration after anthesis may be two possible solutions in spring barley breeding for Mediterranean growing conditions
Path koeficijent analiza kvaliteta dvoredog jarog jeÄma
Malting quality is composed of numerous interacting traits with a high complexity concerning their biochemical and genetic basis. Malt extract is key indicator of barley malting quality and it is a mega-trait since it is influenced by a number of independent component traits. Understanding genetic and non-genetic factors that effects grain quality and grain yield is crucial in developing new cultivars, seed and mercantile production. Path analysis is one of the reliable statistical techniques which allow separation of the direct effect of each component trait on malt quality from the indirect effects caused by the interdependence component trait. The aim of this study was to investigate spring two-row barley quality as mega-trait depending on the component traits in the conditions of the Pannonian environments. Regression analysis with extract (EXT) as dependant and other traits (yield-YIL, test weight-TW, grain weight-GW, grading-GRA, grain protein concentration-GPC, viscosity-VIS, Kolbach index-KOL, Hartong number-HAR) as independent traits was performed out. Simple coefficient of correlations were calculated between independent traits and EXT in all pair combination and then used as inputs for path coefficient analysis. The quadratic curve fitted the best relationship between EXT and the independent traits. EXT was in positive (P lt 0.01) relationship with GW, GRA, KOL, and HAR with simple correlation coefficient of 0.47, 0.42, 0.39 and 0.50, respectively and in negative (P lt 0.01) relationship with GPC and VIS with simple correlation coefficient of -0.72 and -0.51, respectively. Path analysis explained more than 70% of the variation in EXT of which 34.3% was determined by direct negative path coefficient (P lt 0.01) of GPC without significant any indirect path effect. VIS negatively directly, (P lt 0.01) and negatively indirectly via GPC effected EXT. KOL did not have significant direct effect on EXT, but had rather prominent indirect effect via GPC, VIS and HAR. HAR positively directly (P lt 0.01) and positively indirectly via GPC effected EXT. The direct effect of VIS and HAR determined 13.0% and 14.1% of the variation, respectively.Kvalitet pivskog jeÄma odreÄuje veliki broj meÄusobno povezanih osobina, kompleksne biohemijske i genetiÄka osnove. Ekstrakt slada je osnovni pokazatelj kvaliteta pivskog jeÄma i može se smatrati mega osobinom, poÅ”to zavisi od delovanja velikog broja drugih osobina. Poznavanje genetiÄkih i negenetiÄkih faktora pod Äijom kontrolom se nalazi kvalitet i prinos pivskog jeÄma suÅ”tinsko je za stvaranje novih sorti i uspeÅ”nu semensku i merkantilnu proizvodnju. Path analiza je pouzdana statistiÄka metoda koja omoguÄava razdvajanje direktnih i indirektnih efekata nezavisnih osobina na mega osobinu ili mega osobine. Indirektni efekti su posledica meÄuzavisnosti i zajedniÄkog delovanja nezavisnih osobina. Cilj ovoga istraživanja je prouÄavanje ekstrakta slada, kao mega osobine, u zavisnosti od osnovnih osobina zrna i slada, koje su u odreÄenoj vezi sa sadržajem ekstrakta u sladu. Istraživanje je obavljeno u periodu 1998-2004 na osam sorti dvoredog jarog jeÄma u agroekoloÅ”kim uslovima Panonske nizije. Odnos izmeÄu sadržaja ekstrakta u sladu (EXT) kao zavisne osobine i prinosa (YIL), zapreminske mase (TW), mase hiljadu zrna (GW), sortiranja (GRA), sadržaja proteina u zrnu (GPC), viskoziteta (VIS), Kolbah indeksa (KOL), Hartong broja (HAR) kao nezavisnih osobina odreÄeni su regresionom analizom, prostom korelacijom i path analizom. Kvadratna regresija je najbolje predstavljala funkcionalnu determinisanost EXT navedenim nezavisnim osobinama, mada nisu utvrÄene statisiÄki znaÄajne vrednosti koeficijenta determinacije. Vrednosti prostih koeficijenta korelacije izmeÄu EXT s jedne strane i GW, GRA, KOL, i HAR sa druge strane bile su pozitivne (P lt 0.01) i iznosile su 0.47, 0.42, 0.39 i 0.50, respective. EXT je bio u negativnoj (P lt 0.01) korelacionoj vezi sa GPC, -0.72 i VIS, -0.51. Path analiza je objasnila 70% varijabilnosti kod EXT, od Äega je 34.3% bilo pod uticajem negativnog direktnog path koeficijenta GPC, koji nije imao znaÄajnih indirektnih efekata. VIS je imao znaÄajan (P lt 0.01) direktan efekat na EXT i indirektan efekat preko GPC. KOL nije imao znaÄajan direktan efekat na EXT ali su bile visoke vrednosti indirektnih efekata KOL preko GPC, VIS i HAR. HAR je imao znaÄajan pozitivan (P lt 0.01) direktan efekat na EXT i indirektan efekat preko GPC. Pod uticajem VIS bilo je 13.0%, a pod uticajem HAR 14.1% od ukupne varijabilnosti EXT
Nove NS sorte ozimog viÅ”eredog jeÄma
The paper describes the characteristics of several new NS varieties of winter six-rowed barley released in Serbia between 2004 and 2007. These are Somborac, Ozren, Javor, Novosadski 773, Sremac and Leotar. In the official variety trials in the country, all six of these varieties outyielded the check variety, and the margins were as follows: Somborac - 3.4%, Ozren - 5.0%, Javor - 7.3%, Novosadski 773 - 3.4%, Sremac - 7.4%, and Leotar - 7.2%. Yield levels in absolute terms depended on the variety as well as year. All six-rowed NS varieties headed earlier than the check and had better resistance to lodging than the check has. The test weight of the new varieties was 70.2-73.8 kg/hl and the 1000-grain weight 33.4-50.2 g. The cellulose content was 4.4-4.8%, the fat content 1.4%, and the protein content 13.3-14.6%. The high variability of the new NS varieties of winter six-rowed barley makes it possible to choose the most suitable genotype for each barley-growing area in the country. .U radu su prikazane osobine novih NS sorti ozimog viÅ”eredog jeÄma - Somborac, Ozren, Javor, Novosadski 773, Sremac i Leotar, koje su registrovane u Srbiji u periodu 2004-2007. godina. U ogledima Komisije za priznavanje sorti Republike Srbije sve sorte imale su veÄi prinos od standarda; sorta Somborac za 3,4%, sorta Ozren za 5,0%, sorta Javor za 7,3%, sorta Novosadski 773 za 3,4%, sorta Sremac za 7,4% i sorta Leotar za 7,2%. Apsolutne vrednosti prinosa zavisile su pored sorte i od perioda ispitivanja. Sve nove sorte klasale su ranije od standarda i imale bolju otpornost na poleganje. Hektolitarska masa novih sorti iznosila je 70,2-73,8 kg/hl, a masa hiljadu zrna 33,4-50,2 g. Sadržaj celuloze iznosio je 4,4-4,8%, masti 1,4%, a proteina 13,3-14,6%. Varijabilnost novih NS sorti ozimog viÅ”eredog jeÄma osnova je za izbor odgovarajuÄe sorte za svako proizvodno podruÄje u Srbiji.
ZnaÄaj faze organogeneze formiranje klasiÄa u biologiji prinosa ozimog dvoredog jeÄma
Plants evolve through strictly defined stages of development, which can be identified by changes in plant phenotype or by changes in the morphology of apical meristem. Differentiation of apical meristem passes through phases that proceed in a precise chronological order. This paper analyzes the significance of the length of the period of spikelet primordia formation i.e. the double ridge (DR) phase, and its genotypic and phenotypic correlation with the other growth phases and yield components. In the course of five growing seasons (2002-03 to 2006-07) we studied the development of apical meristem in three two-rowed winter barley cultivars - Novi Sad 525 Sonate and Monaco. DR stage was shortest in the seasons with favorable weather conditions during that stage. It was longest when conditions were unfavorable, especially when temperatures were high. The shortest DR stage was found in the early cultivar Novosadski 525, the longest in the medium early cultivar Sonate. The cultivars had similar genotypic and phenotypic correlations between the length of DR stage on one side and the duration of the other development stages and yield components on the other side. DR period length was positively correlated with the duration of the formation of leaf primordia and negatively correlated with the other development stages i.e. grain filling period, numbers of leaves and spikes and harvest index. The obtained results may find practical application in winter barley breeding. Further more detailed study involving a number of cultivars is required in order to confirm the above results.Biljke prolaze kroz taÄno definisane faze razviÄa koje mogu biti predstavljene na osnovu promena koje se deÅ”avaju na fenotipu biljke ili na osnovu promena u morfologiji apikalnog meristema. Diferencijacija apikalnog meristema odvija se kroz faze koje se nalaze u odreÄenom hronoloÅ”kom redosledu. U radu je analiziran znaÄaj dužine formiranja primordija klasiÄa faza dvostrukog grebena (DR) i njene genotipske i fenotipske povezanosti sa ostalim fazama razviÄa i komponentama prinosa. Tokom pet sezona (od 2002-2003. do 2006-2007) prouÄavano je razviÄe apikalnog meristema kod tri sorte ozimog dvoredog jeÄma Novosadski 525, Sonate i Monaco. DR faza je bila najkraÄa u sezonama kada su vladali povoljni vremenski uslovi tokom odvijanja ove faze, a najduža kada su uslovi bili nepovoljni, pre svega visoke temperature. NajkraÄi DR period imala je ranozrela sorta Novosadski 525, a najduži srednje rana sorta Sonate. UtvrÄene su sliÄne genotipske i fenotipske korelacije izmeÄu dužine DR i dužine trajanja ostalih faza razviÄa i komponenti prinosa. Dužina DR perioda bila je u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa dužinom perioda formiranja primordija listova, a u negativnoj korelaciji sa ostalim fazama razviÄa, periodom nalivanja zrna, brojem listova i klasova i žetvenim indeksom. Formiranje primordija listova i klasiÄa kao i razviÄe cvetova i klasiÄa nalazi se pod najveÄom kontrolom genotipa, gde je uÄeÅ”Äe varijanse sorte preko 80% i godine do 10%. Dobijeni rezultati mogu imati praktiÄan znaÄaj u oplemenjivanju ozimog dvoredog jeÄma. Za potvrÄivanje ovih rezultata neophodna su detaljnija istraživanja sa veÄim brojem sorti
Dunav i Vrbas - nove NS sorte jarog ovsa
Oat breeding program has been revived at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad after almost fifty years. From this program the following varieties were released: in 2001 spring naked oat Novosadski golozrni, in 2008 spring chaffy oat Dunav and in 2009 spring chaffy oat Vrbas. Variety Dunav has also been released in Bosnia and Herzegovina but renamed as Jelena. Dunav and Vrbas are hexaploid varieties of species Avena sativa. In two-year six-location trials of the Commission for variety release variety Dunav has had an average higher yield of 711 kg ha-1 than standard, and variety Vrbas higher yield of 380 kg ha-1. Both varieties are well-resistant to lodging. Variety Dunav features special quality grain with grain protein content of 16.2 %, oils 4.7 % and cellulose 9 %. Regarding growing conditions, variety Dunav is more tolerant to less favourable conditions, while variety Vrbas demands more favourable conditions to fulfill its genetic potential. .U Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad nakon skoro pedeset godina inoviran je program oplemenjivanja ovsa. Iz tog programa je 2001. priznata sorta jarog golozrnog ovsa Novosadski golozrni, 2008. jara sorta pleviÄastog ovsa Dunav i 2009. jara sorta pleviÄastog ovsa Vrbas. Sorta Dunav priznata je u BiH pod nazivom Jelena. Dunav i Vrbas su heksaploidne sorte i pripadaju vrsti Avena sativa. U dvogodiÅ”njim ogledima Komisije za priznavanje sorti koji su izvedeni na Å”est lokaliteta, sorta Dunav je imala u proseku veÄi prinos od standarda za 711 kg ha-1, a sorta Vrbas veÄi prinos za 380 kg ha-1. Obe sorte imaju dobru otpornost na poleganje. Sorta Dunav odlikuje se posebno kvalitetnim zrnom sa sadržajem proteina u zrnu od 16,2 %, masti 4,7 % i celuloze 9 %. U pogledu uslova gajenja sorta Dunav je tolerantnija na manje povoljne uslove, dok sorta Vrbas za realizaciju genetskog potencija zahteva povoljnije uslove.
Novosadski 737 i Nonius - nove sorte ozimog stoÄnog jeÄma
The paper describes the characteristics of two new varieties of six-rowed winter barley, Novosadski 737 and Nonius, developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. In the official variety trials in Serbia, Novosadski 737 and Nonius outyielded the standard variety Novosadski 313 by 508 and 396 kg/ha, respectively. Both varieties matured four days earlier than the standard and had large grains with a protein content of over 12%. Novosadski 737 is recommended for cultivation on poorer soils, while Nonius is particularly suitable for moderately fertile soils.U radu su prikazane osobine dve nove sorte ozimog Å”estoredog jeÄma Novosadski 737 i Nonius koje su stvorene u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad. U ogledima državne Komisije za priznavanje sorti prinos sorte Novosadski 737 bio je veÄi 508 kg/ha, a sorte Nonius 396 kg/ha u odnosu na standard Novosadski 313. Obe novopriznate sorte bile su ranozrelije 4 dana od standarda. Sorte imaju krupno zrno sa sadržajem proteina iznad 12%. Novosadski 737 preporuÄuje se za gajenje na siromaÅ”nijim zemljiÅ”tima a Nonius na zemljiÅ”tima umerene plodnosti
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