The Role of Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin in the Early Diagnosis of Nephropathy in Patients with Acute Alcohol Poisoning

AIM: In our study, we assessed the possibility of using the serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) for the early detection of kidney damage in patients with acute alcohol poisoning (AAP). METHODS: The study included 89 patients and 30 healthy donors. All participants in the study were mostly represented by men (90%) aged between 20 and 40 years. The influence of alcohol poisoning severity was also taken into account in the study. The Human NGAL ELISA Kit was used for the quantitative detection of serum NGAL. We also evaluated the main laboratory indicators of kidney functions, including eGFR (calculated according to serum creatinine). RESULTS: We did not find a correlation between blood alcohol concentration and serum NGAL level; also, alcohol poisoning severity did not affect the NGAL values. The results of our study showed the possibility of using the serum NGAL in patients with AAP to detect the preclinical stage of reduced renal function, until the moment when it can be diagnosed with using only serum creatinine. CONCLUSION: We propose to consider an increase in eGFR together with an increase in serum NGAL in this group of patients as a stage, preceding nephropathy, even in the absence of clinical and laboratory signs of impaired renal function

Myocardial condition in overweight patients at different stages of rehabilitation after revascularization

The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of myocardial function indicators in overweight patients at different stages of rehabilitation after coronary revascularization. Material and methods. This article presents the interim results of prospective study which was conducted at the Tulpar cardiorehabilitation center (Karaganda, Kazakhstan). The study included 135 patients after restoration of blood flow in the coronary arteries (coronary artery bypass grafting, stenting). The average age was 58 ± 6 years. Exclusion criteria: acute myocardial infarction; chronic heart failure, functional class III–IV; acute disorders of cerebral circulation; diabetes mellitus in a state of decompensation; obesity I–III degree. We observed patients in dynamics at three stages of rehabilitation. 41 patients were included in the study at the first stage, 43 – at the second stage and 51 – at the third stage. Patients were included from different stages of rehabilitation. The groups were comparable in terms of the parameters of the structural and functional state of the myocardium, the same age range. Results. Considering the size of the interventricular septum, the posterior wall of the left ventricle, the relative thickness of the myocardium and the myocardial mass index, it can be noted that statistically significant hypertrophy of the left ventricle was observed in all observation periods (p < 0.05). Conclusions. In overweight patients who underwent myocardial revascularization surgery, persistent changes in the myocardium remain at the 3rd stage of rehabilitatio

Comparative analysis of oxidative metabolism indicators at acute alcohol and acute surrogate alcohol intoxication

High level of population alcoholization is the cause of many cases of acute alcohol and alcoholic surrogate intoxication. The number of alcohol intoxication cases in Kazakhstan in 2014 amounted to 13891 (80.3 per 100 000 people), the number of fatal intoxication cases amounted to 882 (5.1 per 100 000 people). The problem of alcoholization in Russia remains urgent as well: according to the statistics of 2014,152 551 cases of acute intoxication of chemical etiology were registered, 33.9 % of cases occurred due to alcohol intoxication. Alcoholic beverages in the course of their biotransformation to acetic acid can form oxygen free radicals in particular superoxide anion as a byproduct of acetic aldehyde oxidation reaction. Studies on oxidative metabolism of ethanol intoxication are currently being conducted. At the same time, the state of oxidative metabolism during alcoholic surrogate intoxication was not practically investigated. Evaluation of oxidative metabolism depending on the severity of alcohol or its surrogate intoxication is of special interest. The aim was to compare oxidative metabolism indicators among patients with acute alcohol and alcoholic surrogate intoxication of different severity. The object of the study was blood of 62 people with diagnosed moderate or severe degrees of acute alcohol and alcoholic surrogate intoxication. Indicators of oxidative metabolism in erythrocytes and blood plasma were estimated. Significant differences were found in product concentration of protein oxidation containing bityrosine crosslinks in blood plasma under increase of alcohol intoxication degree

Characterization of the oxidative metabolism of erythrocytes in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Free radical oxidation plays an important role in the development and exacerbation of the pathological process. Oxidative stress causes a disturbance of the rheological properties of red blood cells and modification of their membrane. Activation of processes of peroxidation of lipids disturbs the integrity of the erythrocyte membrane. In community-acquired pneumonia the study of oxidative metabolism of red blood cells, especially the oxidative modification of their proteins, dedicated to a limited number of studies. Oxidative modification of hemoglobin dissipate a key role in the development of inflammation induced by hypoxia. The aim of the research was to study indicators of oxidative stress, the content of oxidized modified proteins in the red blood cells and the permeability of their membranes to low-molecular-weight hydrophilic substances in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. The object of the study were the erythrocytes of blood of 33 patients with community-acquired pneumonia and 19 practically healthy persons of young and middle age from 27 to 42 years. Evidence of oxidative processes in red blood cells was a significant increase of the oxidized-modified proteins (carbonyl derivatives) in erythrocytes. The increase in the content of membrane-bound hemoglobin may also be due to the high level of lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes. The results of the study showed the presence of intracellular oxidative stress in erythrocytes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia, which leads to damage to their membranes and release of hemoglobin into the blood plasma