Urea Host Monomers for Stoichiometric Molecular Imprinting of Oxyanions

Synthesis and characterisation of a novel MIP and application as HPLC stationary phase for the selective analysis of model oxyanions and methotrexate. The innovative substructure approach and stoichiometric imprinting approach are used, to strongly reduce the aspecific binding. Sintesi di un nuovo polimero specifico e applicazione quale fase stazionaria cromatografica per l’ analisi qualitativa cromatografica (riconoscimento altamente specifico) di ossianioni modello e di metotrexato. Metodo innovativo del substructure imprinting e dello stoichiometric imprinting, forte riduzione del legame aspecifico

Biomarkers—A general review

A biomarker is a biological observation that substitutes for and ideally predicts a clinically relevant endpoint or intermediate outcome that is more difficult to observe. The use of clinical biomarkers is easier and less expensive than direct measurement of the final clinical endpoint, and biomarkers are usually measured over a shorter time span. They can be used in disease screening, diagnosis, characterization, and monitoring; as prognostic indicators; for developing individualized therapeutic interventions; for predicting and treating adverse drug reactions; for identifying cell types; and for pharmacodynamic and dose-response studies. To understand the value of a biomarker, it is necessary to know the pathophysiological relationship between the biomarker and the relevant clinical endpoint. Good biomarkers should be measurable with little or no variability, should have a sizeable signal to noise ratio, and should change promptly and reliably in response to changes in the condition or its therapy