Rice vinegar removes Candida albicans from denture acrylic resins

Denture stomatitis, mainly caused by Candida albicans, often affect denture wearers. To manage these patients, denture hygiene is of utmost importance. There is a need for low cost, easily accessible denture disinfectants. To investigate the efficacy of rice vinegar and other disinfecting solutions in removing C. albicans from acrylic resins. Hundred and eighty acrylic resin plates were contaminated with C. albicans strains and divided into five groups. These were immersed in apple cider vinegar (ACV), white wine vinegar (WWV), rice vinegar (RV), chlorhexidine (CHX), and sterile distilled H2O (control). The plates were incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes, 1 hour and 8 hours. Candida removing ability of the disinfecting solutions was evaluated, and data was analyzed using two-way ANOVAwith Tukey post-test. Significance level of p< 0.05 was used. RV, ACV, WWV and CHX showed the highest efficacy (100%) in removing both C. albicans strains at 8 hours (p>0.05). CHX was the most effective disinfectant in removing both C. albicans strains at 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 8 hours (99%-100%). RV was as effective as ACV, WWV and CHX in removing C. albicans from acrylic plates at 8 hours

Contamination of used toothbrushes and their decontamination with disinfecting agents

AIM: To evaluate microbial contamination of toothbrushes and the efficacy of different oral disinfectant agents in their decontamination METHODS: The heads of 98 used toothbrushes derived from patients who needed oral hygiene treatment were included in the study. In the laboratory, microorganisms on toothbrush heads were identified using standard microbiological methods. Toothbrush heads with microorganisms were then randomly divided into four groups of 19 and disinfected with Brushtox, Andolex C, Listerine® and water (control), followed by microbiological analysis RESULTS: Seventy eight percent of toothbrushes were contaminated with different microorganisms. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were found in a high number of toothbrushes (49%), followed by Pseudomonas spp (37%), Staphylococcus aureus (32%), Streptococcus mutans (14%), coliforms (9%) and Candida albicans (3%). Decontamination of toothbrushes with Andolex C and Listerine® reduced the number of contaminated toothbrushes by 74% each, Brushtox by 90% and water by 0.0% CONCLUSION: Toothbrushes were contaminated with various types of microorganisms, but predominantly with CoNS. Although Brushtox is a toothbrush spray, soaking toothbrushes in this solution was the most effective method, reducing the number of disinfected toothbrushes by 90%. Oral health practitioners should raise awareness to their patients regarding the need to disinfect toothbrushes

The clinicopathological and microrna expression signature associated with lymphovascular invasion in squamous cell carcinoma: A basic descriptive study

Abstract Background and Aims Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an indicator of lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in various cancers including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Despite being easily resectable and having little potential for LVI; SCC displays aggressive behavior and often results in the death of the patient. With this in mind, it may be useful to investigate the clinical, pathological, and microRNA expression profile associated with LVI in SCC. Methods We evaluated the histological hallmarks associated with LVI from 16 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples (10 LVI−, 6 LVI+). We also quantified the expression of 10 microRNAs (hsa‐miR‐21‐5p, hsa‐miR‐21‐3p, hsa‐miR‐155‐5p, hsa‐miR‐196a‐5p, hsa‐miR‐375, hsa‐let‐7d‐5p, hsa‐miR‐146b‐3p, hsa‐miR‐221‐5p, hsa‐miR‐205‐5p, hsa‐miR‐491‐5p), which have been previously identified to play a role in SCC development, using real time‐PCR with the Qiagen miRCURY LNA SYBR Green PCR Kit. Results We observed a significant upregulation of microRNA‐155, microRNA‐196a, microRNA‐375, and microRNA‐221 in cases with lymphovascular invasion. Morphologically, we identified poor differentiation, dysplasia, loss of membrane polarity, high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, and the presence of squamous nests as defining features of LVI. Additionally, we found a gender bias and observed a tendency toward lymphatic invasion in lesions presenting around the perineal and abdominal regions. Conclusion We speculate that this profile may have prognostic significance and could guide the clinician in their treatment protocols for patients matching our genetic, demographic, and morphologic profile