Electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern for human smoke habit

The brain is most important part of the human body. Smoking cigarettes is a bad habit, however the total numbers of smokers continue developing. Most smokers give 'to release stress and bored' as a purpose behind smoking. Under this circumstance, the interested of brain condition for smoke affinity are useful for varies biomedical field. The essential motivation behind this research is to investigate the Electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern for smoker using sub-band of theta, alpha and beta groups focus on Power Spectral Density (PSD). EMOTIV Pure•EEG™, SPSS and Excel is used as the software while Emotiv Insight is used as the hardware in this research. 5 smokers and 5 non-smokers were tested for this exploration. EEG data was recorded for 5 minutes. Results demonstrated that smokers have lesser theta band which shows a less stressed on feeling as contrasted with non-smokers with a higher theta band. Smokers additionally higher alpha band which shows that they are more casual contrasted with non-smokers with lower alpha band. In any case, smokers are lower beta band that shows they are less�cognizant contrasted with non-smokers. Recently, electronic cigarettes (e�cigarette) have been proposed as a successful instrument for smoking restraint

Evaluation of different time domain peak models using extreme learning machine-based peak detection for EEG signal

Various peak models have been introduced to detect and analyze peaks in the time domain analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. In general, peak model in the time domain analysis consists of a set of signal parameters, such as amplitude, width, and slope. Models including those proposed by Dumpala, Acir, Liu, and Dingle are routinely used to detect peaks in EEG signals acquired in clinical studies of epilepsy or eye blink. The optimal peak model is the most reliable peak detection performance in a particular application. A fair measure of performance of different models requires a common and unbiased platform. In this study, we evaluate the performance of the four different peak models using the extreme learning machine (ELM)-based peak detection algorithm. We found that the Dingle model gave the best performance, with 72 % accuracy in the analysis of real EEG data. Statistical analysis conferred that the Dingle model afforded significantly better mean testing accuracy than did the Acir and Liu models, which were in the range 37–52 %. Meanwhile, the Dingle model has no significant difference compared to Dumpala model

Distributed Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks with Adaptive Detection Threshold

This paper proposes a cooperative sensing algorithm based on distributedfusion strategy and maintained probability of false alarm for cognitive radio. It furtherintroduces a reporting strategy that discusses how cooperative sensing in distributedmanner can select among possible candidates in order to reduce bandwidthrequirement. We adopted a dynamic distributed architecture for cooperative sensingbased on the link quality and found condition on the channel quality for cooperation tobe beneficial. Using probability of detection, and BER metrics we evaluated theperformance improvement of distributed cooperation over direct cooperation and noncooperativesensing. We used analytical formulation with possible candidate selectioncriteria to investigate and maximize the cooperation gain. By employing suchdistribution and selection technique, the reporting error due to the fading channel isreduced. Results show that the method effectively improve performance of sensing, itincrease the probability of detection up to 0.9 at <0.1 probability of false alarm.Sensitivity requirement is reduced with network scale and the number of nodesparticipate in decision fusion is reduced about 42% at probability of false alarm 0.1.ROC curve has obvious improvement compared with existing methods

EFFECTS OF MICROWAVE ABSORBERS ON THE PRODUCTS OF MICROWAVE PYROLYSIS OF OILY SLUDGE

The addition of absorber can lead to increase the reaction temperature in the microwave pyrolysis process. Three different sources for microwave absorbers were used to identify the effect of microwave absorber on the product yield from microwave pyrolysis of oily sludge. These absorbers are namely, coconut activated carbon (CAC), palm kernel shell activated carbon (PKSAC) and petroleum coke. The microwave absorbers were added to elevate the temperature of pyrolysis reaction in a nitrogen atmosphere using a modified microwave household reactor. The process included identifying the effect of microwave absorber concentration, and initial moisture content at an optimum sweep gas flow rate on the product yield. The results demonstrated that the addition of CAC, PKSAC and petroleum coke improved the heating rate by shortening the drying process. The results showed that the addition CAC during microwave pyrolysis of oily sludge resulted in the higher gas product distribution compared to other types of absorbers. The results revealed that the addition of 10% of the CAC can pyrolyze oily sludge at a nitrogen gas flow rate of 200 mL/min. At this condition, ~65 wt% of gas was produced for all moisture content of oily sludge samples (4%, 40% and 75%). As well as, this treatment method shortened drying time of oily sludge to 30 minutes. The results showed that higher produced gases of H2 (15%) and CO (13.3%) giving lower heating value (LHV) at 5.57 MJ/m3 were achieved using 10% of CAC in microwave pyrolysis of oily

Atomisation of nanometre-scaled jasmine flower extracts using electrospray method

The present work demonstrated the application of a non-thermal technique to solidify nanometre-scaled atomised droplet using electrostatic atomiser or electrospray. The droplets were prepared in an aqueous solution, and consisted of bioactive compounds extracted from jasmine flower. The jasmine flower extracts were electrosprayed at various concentrations of 5, 15, and 25 wt%, with the working distances between the needle’s tip to an aluminium collector being 10, 20, and 30 cm. During the process, the water evaporation rate decreased from 2.02 to 1.02 nm3/s when the distance was increased from 10 to 30 cm at 5 wt% concentration. The same decreasing evaporation rate pattern was also observed when the concentration was increased from 5 to 25 wt%. On the contrary, increasing droplet fission numbers were observed as the distance was increased from 10 to 30 cm (i.e., from 7 to 406 at 25 wt% concentration) due to the electrostatic charge increment per unit area as the water left the droplet surface. Therefore, water evaporation and droplet fission number are important for solidifying the compounds when the droplets have exceeded their Rayleigh limit

Process Control of Pink Guava Puree Pasteurization Process: Simulation and Validation by Experiment

Recently, process control has been applied extensively in many food processes include pasteurization process. The purpose is to control and maintain the product temperature at desired value. In order to be able to control the process properly, the model of the process needs to be obtained. This research aims to obtain the empirical model and to determine the best control strategy in pasteurization process of pink guava puree. The PID controller tuned by different tuning methods was simulated using Simulink and closed loop responses were observed. Simulation results revealed that PID controller tuned by minimizing of integral absolute error (IAE) method were satisfactory adaptable in this process in term of faster settling time, less overshoot, smallest values of IAE and ISE that less than 1. Then, experiment was performed using this method in order to validate simulation results. In general, a good agreement was achieved between experimental data and dynamic simulation result in control of pasteurization temperature process with  R2=0.83. As the conclusion, the results obtained can be used as the recommendation for a suitable control strategy for the pasteurization process of pink guava puree in the industry

Dental Status and Treatment Needs of Special Needs Children in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

The aim of the study is to determine the dental status and treatment needs of special needs children in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia and to investigate the association of caries prevalence and oral health status with sociodemographic variables. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study involving 574 special needs children aged 17 and below who attended Community-based Rehabilitation centres and special classes in the government schools. They were examined for dental caries (dmft/DMFT index of World Health Organization) and oral hygiene (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, OHI-S of Green Vermillion). Statistical analyses include frequency, percentages, mean and standard deviation for descriptive statistics, whilst one-way ANOVA, simple and multiple logistic regressions were used for association analysis. Result: Majority of the children was mentally handicapped. Over 90% were from parents of middle and lower level educational background. The caries prevalence was 54.9% with mean dmft/DMFT of 1.03plusmn2.13/1.22plusmn2.23. There was no significant association between caries prevalence with parentsrsquo education and monthly household income. The only sociodemographic factor that showed significant association with caries prevalence (plt0.001) was age. The mean of OHI-S was 1.13plusmn1.03. The oral hygiene status was inversely associated with age, parents education and monthly household income. 52.8% of the children required dental treatment. In the very young, aged 2 to 6 years, 85.2% of decayed teeth (d+D) were untreated and required some form of treatment (restoration or/and extraction). Conclusion: High caries prevalence and dental treatment needs were found among the special needs children in Negeri Sembilan. This study highlights the necessity to prioritize the service delivery to the younger age group. The findings will be useful as baseline data to enable future planning of oral health care delivery for children with disabilities.nbs

PLIN5 deletion remodels intracellular lipid composition and causes insulin resistance in muscle

Defective control of lipid metabolism leading to lipotoxicity causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, a major factor leading to diabetes. Here, we demonstrate that perilipin (PLIN) 5 is required to couple intramyocellular triacylglycerol lipolysis with the metabolic demand for fatty acids. PLIN5 ablation depleted triacylglycerol stores but increased sphingolipids including ceramide, hydroxylceramides and sphingomyelin. We generated perilipin 5 (Plin5)-/- mice to determine the functional significance of PLIN5 in metabolic control and insulin action. Loss of PLIN5 had no effect on body weight, feeding or adiposity but increased whole-body carbohydrate oxidation. Plin5-/- mice developed skeletal muscle insulin resistance, which was associated with ceramide accumulation. Liver insulin sensitivity was improved in Plin5-/- mice, indicating tissue-specific effects of PLIN5 on insulin action. We conclude that PLIN5 plays a critical role in coordinating skeletal muscle triacylglycerol metabolism, which impacts sphingolipid metabolism, and is requisite for the maintenance of skeletal muscle insulin action. © 2014 The Authors

Synthesis and electrochemical characterizations of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/manganese oxide coated on porous carbon nanofibers as a potential anode for lithium-ion batteries

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/manganese oxide coated on porous carbon nanofibers (P-CNFs/PEDOT/MnO2) is developed as an advanced anode material via the innovative combination of multiple routes, such as electrospinning, carbonization and electrodeposition. The structural and morphological characterization of the P-CNFs/PEDOT/MnO2 electrode indicates that crosslinked and rough surface provides, as a strategic point, enough active sites for Li+ storage. PEDOT nanoparticles and irregular block shape of MnO2 are randomly oriented on the P-CNFs surface, thus allowing a possible electron-conducting pathway, increment in catalytic activity as well as a buffer of the volumetric changes upon cycling. Consequently, the obtained P-CNFs/PEDOT/MnO2 electrode exhibits a truly promising electrochemical performance, which displays discharge capacity of 1477 mAh/g, better than that of P-CNFs/PEDOT (1191 mAh/g), P-CNFs/MnO2 (763 mAh/g) and P-CNFs (433 mAh/g), at a current density of 2 mA/g. In addition, satisfactory electrochemical performances of the as-prepared P-CNFs/PEDOT/MnO2 electrode after 20 cycles of charge/discharge are detected, with a Coulombic efficiency higher than 90% and a charge-transfer resistance being relatively smaller (131.91 ohm) than that of P-CNFs/PEDOT (232.66 ohm) and P-CNFs/MnO2 (169.17 ohm) electrodes. Thus, these results indicate that the P-CNFs/PEDOT/MnO2 electrode could offer a great potential to replace commercial graphite for lithium-ion batteries

Современные концепции управления высшим учебным заведением

Целью и задачами статьи является исследование современных подходов к управлению вузом, их критический анализ и возможность оптимизации процессов деятельности вуза