A Review on Acute Pediatric Pancreatitis

Nowadays, acute pancreatitis is not a rare disease in children and adolescences and the incidence of the disease has increased in pediatric patients over the past two decades. Acute pancreatitis in children can be triggered by a wide array of factors such as drugs, infections, trauma, anatomic anomalies and metabolic disorders. The signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis are non-specific with an age- related pattern. The most common symptoms are upper abdominal pain and vomiting. Other less common signs and symptoms include abdominal discomfort, tachycardia, fever, and hypotension, jaundice and back pain. Since the signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis are non-specific, it should be considered during the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in children and needs prompt treatment because it may become a life-threatening disorder. Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is principally achieved by meeting two of the following criteria: compatible clinical symptoms including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or back pain; > 3 fold increase in serum amylase and/or lipase; presence of radiographic evidence including pancreatic edema on ultrasound or computed tomography. To provide a framework to review the diagnosis in pediatrics and identify evidence-based guidelines to manage acute pancreatitis in children, the current concepts on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric acute pancreatitis are summarized

Periodontal Diseases and Possible Future Cardiovascular Events, Are they Related? An Overview

Context: The association between periodontal disease (PD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been evaluated in many epidemiological studies; however, the results are controversial. Herein, we aimed to review if the childhood periodontal diseases are associated with future cardiovascular events or not. Evidence Acquisition: The current literature regarding childhood periodontal disease and future cardiovascular events in children aged less than 18 years was searched on PubMed, Scopus, ISI, and Google Scholar from January 2005 to March 2017. All studies investigating the association between periodontal disease and CVD were searched by using the following search terms: “coronary artery disease”, “coronary disease”, “heart disease”, “ischemic heart disease”, “myocardial infarction”, Children, “periodontal disease”, and “periodontitis”. Results: The most common form of periodontal disease is gingival bleeding and calculus. Periodontitis is associated with an elevated level of CRP, fibrinogen, and cytokines, which involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis-induced disease. Conclusions: Timely diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases is essential to maintain good oral health and help to decrease pathological changes like atherosclerosis, acute MI and stroke