Evaluation of the influence of kyphosis and scoliosis on intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs

Although thoracic vertebral malformations with kyphosis and scoliosis are often considered incidental findings on diagnostic imaging studies of screw-tailed brachycephalic breeds, they have been suggested to interfere with spinal biomechanics and intervertebral disc degeneration. It is however unknown if an abnormal spinal curvature also predisposes dogs to develop clinically relevant intervertebral disc herniations. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the occurrence of thoracic vertebral malformations, kyphosis or scoliosis would be associated with a higher prevalence of cervical or thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs

L'HYPOPHYSECTOMIE CHEZ LE CHIEN ET LE CHAT, SYNTHESE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE ET DESCRIPTION TECHNIQUE

L'hypophyse, glande endocrine située à la base du cerveau, est entourée de structures osseuses, vasculaires et nerveuses qui la rendent difficile d'accès. Bien que l'hypophysectomie soit une technique chirurgicale ancienne, elle s'est développée récemment pour le traitement des adénomes hypophysaires corticotropes du chien et du chat, grâce aux examens d'imagerie médicale qui autorisent une bonne visualisation de la selle turcique. La technique actuelle passe par voie transphénoïdale, permettant d'extraire la glande en préservant au maximum les structures adjacentes. L'hypophysectomie est accompagnée dans un certain nombre de cas de complications sérieuses, du type diabète insipide, kératoconjonctivite sèche, hypothyroïdie... Pourtant, cette intervention étant le seul traitement étiologique de la maladie de Cushing, elle offre des médianes de survie sans récidive significativement meilleures que les autres traitements actuels. Ainsi, dans le cadre d'une université et en présence d'une équipe entraînée comprenant entre autres, un chirurgien, un imageur et un médecin endocrinologue, ce traitement est sans doute, à l'heure actuelle,une bonne option pour le traitement des adénomes hypophysaires de petite taille.MAISONS-ALFORT-Ecole Vétérin (940462302) / SudocSudocFranceF

Essai d'intégration de la marbofloxacine aux ciments orthopédiques à base de polyméthylméthacrylate

Les ostéomyélites constituent des affections dont le traitement est difficile en médecine vétérinaire. L'emploi de ciment acrylique additionné d'un antibiotique constitue à la fois une option prophylactique et thérapeutique de ces affections. Notre travail visait à évaluer la possibilité d'intégrer la marbofloxacine, fluoroquinolone d'usage strictement vétérinaire, à un ciment à base de polyméthylméthacrylate. Cette étude a été menée, en milieu gélosé et liquide, sur 4 souches des bactéries aérobies les plus fréquemment rencontrées lors d'ostéomyélites chez le chien (S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli et P. mirabilis). Notre étude démontre la résistance de la marbofloxacine à l'élévation de température lors de la polymérisation du ciment et la persistance de son activité anti-microbienne après intégration au ciment. Nous avons également établi la forme galénique optimale d'utilisation de la marbofloxacine (antibiotique en poudre associée à la poudre du polymère du ciment) et en avons précisé les concentrations nécessaires (de l'ordre de 1 g d'antibiotique pour 40 g de poudre du ciment). Néanmoins d'autres études seraient nécessaires pour confirmer ces résultats et pour s'assurer de l'efficacité d'une telle association in vivo.MAISONS-ALFORT-Ecole Vétérin (940462302) / SudocSudocFranceF

Comparison of mortality in Asbest city and the Sverdlovsk region in the Russian Federation: 1997–2010

Background The Sverdlovsk region of the Russian Federation is characterised by its abundance of natural resources and industries. Located in this region, Asbest city is situated next to one of the largest open-pit chrysotile asbestos mines currently operational; many city residents are employed in activities related to mining and processing of chrysotile. We compared mortality rates from 1997 to 2010 in Asbest city to the remaining Sverdlovsk region, with additional analyses conducted for site-specific cancer mortality. Methods Population and mortality data for Asbest city and Sverdlovsk region were used to estimate crude and age-specific rates by gender for the entire period and for each calendar year. Age-standardized mortality rates were also calculated for the adult population (20+) and Poisson regression was used to estimate standardized mortality ratios, overall and by gender. Results During the period of 1997 to 2010, there were similar mortality rates overall in Asbest and the Sverdlovsk region. However, there were higher rates of cancer mortality (18 % males; 21 % females) and digestive diseases (21 % males; 40 % females) in Asbest and lower rates of unknown/ill-defined in Asbest (60 % males; 47 % females). Circulatory disease mortality was slightly lower in Asbest. Cancer mortality was higher for men in Asbest from oesophageal, urinary tract and lung cancers compared to the Sverdlovsk region. In women, cancer mortality was higher for women in Asbest from stomach, colon, lung and breast cancers compared to the Sverdlovsk region. Conclusions This large population-based analysis indicates interesting differences but studies with individual exposure information are needed to understand the underlying factors

Esophageal leiomyoma in a dog causing esophageal distension and treated by transcardial placement of a self-expanding, covered, nitinol esophageal stent

CASE DESCRIPTION A 10-year-old spayed female Rottweiler was referred for evaluation because of a 2-month history of regurgitation and weight loss, despite no apparent change in appetite. The dog had received antiemetic and antacid treatment, without improvement. CLINICAL FINDINGS Physical examination revealed a low body condition score (2/5), but other findings were unremarkable. Diffuse, global esophageal dilatation was noted on plain thoracic radiographs, and normal motility was confirmed through videofluoroscopic evaluation of swallowing. Transhepatic ultrasonographic and CT examination revealed a circumferential, intraparietal lesion in the distal portion of the esophagus causing distal esophageal or cardial subob-struction and no metastases. Incisional biopsy of the lesion was performed, and findings of histologic examination supported a diagnosis of esophageal leiomyoma. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME In view of numerous possible complications associated with esophageal surgery, the decision was made to palliatively treat the dog by transcardial placement of a self-expanding, covered, nitinol esophageal stent under endoscopic guidance. Two weeks after stent placement, radiography revealed complete migration of the stent into the gastric lumen. Gastrotomy was performed, and the stent was replaced and fixed in place. Twenty-four months after initial stent placement, the dog had a healthy body condition and remained free of previous clinical signs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Diffuse benign muscular neoplasia should be considered as a differential diagnosis for acquired esophageal dilatation in adult and elderly dogs. In the dog of this report, transcardial stent placement resulted in resolution of the clinical signs, with no apparent adverse effect on digestive function. The described procedure could be beneficial for nonsurgical treatment of benign esophageal tumors in dogs

A comparison of parallel dust and fibre measurements of airborne chrysotile asbestos in a large mine and processing factories in the Russian Federation

INTRODUCTION: Historic dust concentrations are available in a large-scale cohort study of workers in a chrysotile mine and processing factories in Asbest, Russian Federation. Parallel dust (gravimetric) and fibre (phase-contrast optical microscopy) concentrations collected in 1995, 2007 and 2013/14 were used to determine if dust to fibre conversion factors can be estimated. MATERIALS/SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Daily medians of multiple parallel dust and fibre concentrations by sampling points were used to derive fibre to dust ratios. Applying linear mixed models, we estimated best linear unbiased predictions for the fibre to dust ratios. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 620 daily median fibre to dust ratios were derived. In the factories, modelled ratios varied by unit, increasing along the stages of asbestos enrichment as expected. In the mine, ratios were higher in winter compared to summer. Overall, the ratios showed a strong negative dependency on dust concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that dust to fibre conversion is possible by unit but extrapolations are needed. The patterns for exposure by dust and fibre will be similar but estimated fibre levels will show less contrast due to the conversion factor being smaller at higher dust concentrations

Incidence of Abnormalities of the Second and Third Cervical Vertebral Junction in Dogs with Atlantoaxial Instability: A Multicentre Study.

Objective To evaluate the occurrence and frequency of abnormalities at the second and third cervical vertebral junction (C2/3) in dogs with and without atlantoaxial instability (AAI). Study Design Retrospective multi-institutional case-controlled case series. Animals One hundred and seventeen dogs with AAI and 117 dogs without AAI. Methods Radiographs, together with computer tomographic images or magnetic resonance images or both, of the cranial cervical spine of dogs were reviewed for the presence or absence of intervertebral disc-related anomalies, osseous fusion of the vertebrae, spondylosis, or any other anomaly of the C2/3. Results The incidence of anomalies affecting the C2/3 in dogs with AAI was 38.46% (n = 45) and in the control group it was 11.97% (n = 14). The majority of the observed anomalies involved the intervertebral disc. In conjunction with AAI, intervertebral disc-related anomalies were noted in 33.34%, spondylosis in 2.56%, osseous fusion in 1.71% and a hypoplasia of the spinous process in 0.85% of the cases. Summarized under the term intervertebral disc-related anomalies, a morphological alteration of the intervertebral disc was noted in 10 cases with AAI, characterized by a spherical outer shape and a minimally reduced size and a dorsal positioning in the intervertebral space. Conclusion There is a significantly higher incidence of anomalies affecting the C2/3 in association with AAI. In conjunction with AAI, intervertebral disc-related anomalies are the most frequent pathological finding affecting the C2/3