Trans-Planckian Scale and Krein Space Quantization

In this work, Krein space quantization method is applied to eliminate the Ultraviolet divergence of Green functions. This paper shows that the power spectrum of scalar field fluctuations can be calculated in the limit of short distance physics, trans-Planckian physics, without using the usual re-normalization process.Comment: 5 pages, published in IJT

Spectrum of Gravitational Waves in Krein Space Quantization

The main goal of this paper is to derive the primordial power spectrum for the scalar perturbations generated as a result of quantum fluctuations during an inflationary pe- riod by an alternative approach of field quantization[1-3]. Formulas are derived for the gravitational waves, special cases of which include power law inflation and inflation in the slow roll approximation, in Krein space quantization.Comment: 6 pages, published in MPL

Traffic Volume Estimates and Growth Trends

The objective of this study was to develop a procedure to forecast highway traffic volumes through the use of growth factors representative of Kentucky highways and reflecting effects of important socioeconomic and demographic variables. A two-stage modeling process was used. In the first, linear regression models were used to relate average daily travel on Kentucky roadways to personal income, price of fuel, and total miles of streets and highways. In the second, cross-tabulation models were used to relate growth in volume at a specific site--expressed relative to the statewide ADT--to highway functional classification rural/urban location, county population growth, SMSA/non-SMSA designation, and volume level. The growth model yields estimates not only of the most likely rate of growth at a particular site but also of the range experienced at similar sites statewide. In collecting historical volume data for model calibration, a file was developed representing approximately 15,000 sites on the state highway system at which counts had been taken during the 1963-86 base period. On average, there were about 5.8 counts for each of these sites. Data in the file is instantly accessible by microcomputer users through dBASE software. A piecewise linear regression routine is used to provide estimates for past years during which counts were not taken. The historical volume database has been designed for continuous updating as new counts are made. Similarly, the forecasting models have been designed for convenient recalibration at annual intervals

The effects of guided imagery on state and trait anxiety and sleep quality among patients receiving hemodialysis: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects ofguided imagery on state and trait anxiety and sleep quality among hemodial ysis patients. Design This was a randomized controlled trial. A total of seventy hemodialysis patients were assigned through block randomization to either an intervention group to receive guided imagery or a control group to receive routine care services. Setting The study was performed in the hemodialysis unit of Akhavan teaching hospital, Kashan, Iran. Intervention In addition to routine care services, patients in the intervention group received guided imagery six times a week for four successive weeks via listening to a guided imagery instructional compact disk and following the instructions. Primary outcomes Before and four weeks after the intervention, state and trait anxiety and sleep quality were measured via Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results The results of analysis of covariance showed that the intervention and the control groups significantly differed from each other respecting the posttest mean scores of state anxiety (adjusted mean difference: –9.11; 95% CI = –10.26 to_–7.96; P < 0.001), trait anxiety (adjusted mean difference: –8.94; 95% CI = –10.31_to –7.57; P < 0.001), and sleep quality (adjusted mean difference: –0.877; 95% CI = –1.51_to –0.24; P < 0.007). Conclusions Guided imagery can significantly alleviate anxiety and improve sleep quality among hemodialysis patients. Nurses are recommended to use guided imagery to alleviate hemodialysis patients’ anxiety and improve their sleep quality. Keywords: Anxiety Sleep quality Guided imagery Hemodialysi

Alternative inflationary scenario due to compact extra dimensions

The main goal of this paper is to give an alternative interpretation of space-like and time-like extra dimensions as a primary factor for inflation in the early universe. We introduce the 5-dimensional perfect fluid and compare the energy-momentum tensor for the bulk scalar field with space-like and time-like extra dimensions. It is shown, that additional dimensions can imply to negative pressure in the slow roll regime in the early higher-dimensional world.Comment: 6 page

Friedmann-like equations for High Energy Area of Universe

In this paper, evolution of the high energy area of universe, through the scenario of 5 dimensional (5D) universe, has been studied. For this purpose, we solve Einstein equations for 5D metric and 5D perfect fuid to derive Friedmann-like equations. Then we obtain the evolution of scale factor and energy density with respect to both space-like and time-like extra dimensions. We obtain the novel equations for the space-like extra dimension and show that the matter with zero pressure cannot exist in the bulk. Also, for dark energy fuid and vacuum fluid, we have both accelerated expansion and contraction in the bulk.Comment: 9 pages, Accepted to publication in IJTP 26 June 2012. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1202.497

The Study of Newborns with Congenital Gastrointestinal Tract Obstruction

Introduction: Gastrointestinal Tract Obstruction (GITO) is one of the most common causes of surgical emergencies in newborns. Management of these patients depends on the site of obstruction, associated anomalies, the time of diagnosis and the surgery. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical manifestations, associated anomalies and the outcome of these patients with GITO admitted to Imam Reza and Razi Hospitals of Kermanshah. Material and Methods: This is an observational study, which is conducted to investigate all the newborns, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Imam Reza & Razi Hospital of Kermanshah during ten years from 2002 to 2012 with diagnosis of GITO. The history of the newborn, operation records and case records of the patients in addition to clinical and paraclinical conditions and their pathological results were studied. Results: During the study period, 235 cases of GITO were investigated. Among them, 63 were admitted with imperforate anus, 62 with Hirschsprung's disease, 52 with esophageal atresia, 9 with ileal atresia, 17 with jejunal atresia, and 16 with duodenal obstruction and 6 with colonic atresia. The most common symptoms at the time of admission were abdominal distension in 108, absence of meconial defecation in 85, and bile vomiting in 42 cases. 189 (80.4%) of newborns were operated. The overall mortality rate of newborns under study was 31.2%. The highest rate of mortality was observed in newborns with esophageal atresia 61.5%. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that approximately 5% of the cases admitted to NICU suffered from congenital GITO. Considering the high number of cases and the increased probability of death in these patients, close attention, better management and treatment of these patients seems crucial

Power Spectrum in Krein Space Quantization

The power spectrum of scalar field and space-time metric perturbations produced in the process of inflation of universe, have been presented in this paper by an alternative approach to field quantization namely, Krein space quantization [1,2]. Auxiliary negative norm states, the modes of which do not interact with the physical world, have been utilized in this method. Presence of negative norm states play the role of an automatic renormalization device for the theory.Comment: 8 pages, appear in Int. J. Theor. Phy