Effects of biological fertilizers and sulfur on the quantitative and qualitative traits of cultivated shallot (Allium altissimum Regal) and comparison of these traits with those ones in the natural habitat

The present study was conducted aiming at the protection of the shallot (Allium altissimum Regal) in natural habitat, which is endangered due to excessive harvesting. In order to increase the sustainability of this product, its wild ecotypes were planted in agricultural land and the effect of bio-fertilizers (nitroxin and phosphate) and sulfur on quantitative (yield and yield components) and qualitative (the active ingredient, allicin, crude protein, and the amount of phosphorus and potassium) traits were investigated. The results showed that the amount of allicin, crude protein, phosphorus, potassium, and yield in the planted ecotypes were significantly higher than the wild type in the studied natural habitat. The results of this study indicated a significant difference respecting quantitative and qualitative trait of cultivated shallot with proper nutritional management compared to wild shallot. Therefore, the expansion and development of this method can lead to the sustainability of the production of shallot and will conserve diversity of its populations in natural habitat

Blended Learning Researches in Iran: Several Fundamental Criticisms

The present study seeks to critically review the state of the blended learning researches in the Iranian context. For this critique, 47 papers about blended learning were found in a number of indexing databases and their contents were analyzed. The contents mainly revolved around use of relevant terminology, features of blended learning, methodology, levels of blended learning, variables of the study, and the analyzed educational programs. Some major criticisms that can be leveled at these studies include limited range of terminology, inappropriate use of key concepts, overemphasis on quantitative methods, overuse of pseudo-empirical method, lack of case studies, mistaking blended learning for application of computers in education, excessive concentration on the level of educational programs, superficial treatment of the distinction between learning and retaining, lack of attention to some of the variables of blended learning, and use of blended learning for primary and secondary education

Histopathologic effects of methadone on central nervous system of mice newborns in suckling period

زمینه و هدف: متادون از جمله داروهای ضد درد اوپیوئیدی است که به صورت رایج برای سم زدایی بیماران وابسته به مواد افیونی و تسکین دردهای مزمن مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی هیستوپاتولوژیک تاثیرات متادون بر سیستم اعصاب مرکزی نوزادان موش سوری در طول دوره شیرخواری انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی تعداد 28 سر موش ماده بالغ آبستن نژاد سوری به طور تصادفی به 4 گروه 7 تایی تقسیم شدند. پس از زایمان موش های مادر گروه های تیمار، متادون را به مدت 25 روز متوالی به روش داخل صفاقی به میزان 3، 6 و 9 میلی گرم به ازاء هر میلی گرم وزن بدن و موش های گروه کنترل آب مقطر را به همان روش دریافت نمودند. در روز بیست و هفتم، نوزادان توزین شدند و پس از بیهوشی با کلروفرم مغز از حفره جمجمه خارج و جهت مطالعه ی آسیب شناسی، مقاطع بافتی تهیه و به روش هماتوکسیلین و ائوزین رنگ آمیزی، و مورد مطالعه ی میکروسکوپی قرار گرفتند. داده ها به کمک آزمون آماری آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و شفه تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده مصرف متادون باعث کاهش وزن و طول تاجی – دنبالچه ای و افزایش درصد وزن مغز به بدن گردید (001/0

A Simulative Comparison of BB84 Protocol with its Improved Version

Public key cryptosystems can well become void with the advent of incredibly high performance quantum computers. The underlying principles of these computers themselves, namely quantum mechanics, provide the solution to the key distribution problem. This paper explains how cryptography will be benefited from quantum mechanics, through a short introduction to classical cryptography, and the general principles of quantum cryptography and the BB84 protocol for key distribution. Then we review a modification to the BB84 protocol that is logically claimed to increase its efficiency. We then validate this claim by presenting our simulation results for BB84 and its improved protocols and show that the efficiency of the improved protocol could be doubled without undermining the security level of BB84 protocol.Facultad de Informátic

Determine Components of Household Water Consumption Per Capita in Rural Communities (Case Study: South Khorasan province, Iran)

The piped water consumption per capita is more than 142 cubic meters per year in Iran that is higher than the consumption per capita of some water-filled European countries such as Belgium and Austria. The use of drinking water for washing dishes, clothes, cars as well as bathing and watering gardens are of the important reasons for piped water high consumption in Iran. However, different lifestyle patterns, water users’ facilities, culture and employment types of the majority, as well as very different climatic conditions in rural areas of the country, have caused different water needs. Therefore, it is necessary to determine different components of household water consumption by doing regional and zonal studies separately throughout the country. For this, three water supply complexes of Ali Abad Looleh, Khoor, and Vahdat were selected according to climatic, economic and social conditions among water supply complexes of South Khorasan province. In this study, 128 common water was randomly selected by considering economic - social and household size conditions. Then, to measure every component of water per capita, including drinking, bathing, washing and watering home green space different counters were inserted at homes. Counters were read daily for a week. Results showed that the average water consumption per capita was 99.9 liters a day for the province rural communities. In addition, the contribution of each component of water per capita, including drinking, bathing, washing and watering home green space were 3.6, 15.7, 63.1 and 17.5 liters a day

Identifying the customer satisfaction factors in furniture market

Purpose – the purpose of this research is to identify the influential factors on customer satisfaction in the Iranian furniture market in order to get acquainted with the fundamental items for planning future sales programs with the purposes of extolling competitive advantages. Design/methodology/approach – A commixture of 6 items and 31 factors were educed from interviewing with 20 experts in furniture designing and manufacturing industry. The collected data from customer need indexes in previous research were also used. Findings – results showed that such factors as economic factors weighting 0.32, product specifications weighting 0.21 and credibility weighting 0.19 were the most important indexes and price weighting 0.195, fame weighting 0.131, quality, durability and resistance weighting 0.116, paying conditions weighting 0.095, designing and decorating in virtual softwares before ordering weighting 0.074, updatedness weighting 0.064 and interaction approach with the weight of 0.42 were the most considerable influential sub-indexes on the satisfaction of the Iranian furniture market customers. Research limitations/implications – by the enhancement of competition throughout the world markets and the inevitable presence of Iran in it, the market activists’ concentration should shift towards paying comprehensive attention to desires and needs of furniture market customers. Practical implications – some important issues on planning suitable manufacturing and marketing programs in furniture market are introduce so that the activists be aware of considering the growing knowledge and awareness of end-users which increases the pressure on the manufacturer side. There are also some solutions in terms of internal and external organizational factors with regard to the complex nature of competitive environment in furniture market. Originality/value – the paper provides an examination of effective factors on customer satisfaction with a focus on past experiments and the perspectives of furniture market experts

Reliability, Validity, and Factorial Analysis of a Short Version of the Self-Regulation Inventory

AbstractThe study examined psychometric properties of a short version of the Self-Regulation Inventory (SRI-S) including reliability, validity, and exploratory factor analysis of the SRI-S in an Iranian students. Six hundred and seventy six Iranian volunteers (294 \males, 382 females) from universities in Iran were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete the SRI-S (Marques, Ibanez, Ruiperez, Moya, & Ortet, 2005), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale (EPQ-RS; Eysenck, Eysenck, & Barrett, 1985), and the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-28; Besharat, 2009). The results of explarotary factor analysis supported a single general factor of self-regulation and a five factor structure including Positive Actions, Controllability, Expression of Feelings and Needs, Assertiveness, and Well-Being Seeking. The convergent and discriminant validity of the SRI-S were supported by an expected pattern of correlations between the scale and the measures of personality and mental health. All correlation coefficients between the mean scores on the SRI-S and scores of the extraversion, neuroticism, psychological well-being, and psychological distress were statistically significant

The prevalence of antithyroid antibodies in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in Shahrekord, Iran

زمینه و هدف: سندروم تخمدان پلی کیستیک با چاقی و مقاومت به انسولین همراه است. یافته ها و شواهد نشان می دهد بافت چربی نقشی مهم در ایجاد و پایداری اختلالات موجود در سندروم تخمدان پلی کیستیک دارد. تیرویید نقش بسیار برجسته و چشمگیری در سوخت و ساز بدن به ویژه متابولیسم لیپیدها و کربوهیدرات‌ها دارد. سندروم تخمدان پلی کیستیک و بیماری های تیروئید با اختلال در کارکرد محور، هیپوتالاموس-هیپوفیز گناد همراهند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی ارتباط آنتی بادی های ضد تیرویید و ابتلا به سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی دو گروه 54 نفره از زنان 15 تا 45 ساله مراجعه کننده به درمانگاه های وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد به روش در دسترس انتخاب شد. و به صورت پی در پی وارد مطالعه شدند. گروه اول (شاهد) افرادی بودند که بر پایه شرح حال، معاینه بالینی و آزمایش های انجام شده هیچ گونه بیماری تیرویید، اختلالات سیستمیک و سندروم تخمدان پلی‌کیستیک نداشتند و هیچ گونه دارویـــی مصرف نمی کردند. گروه دوم (بیماران) بیمارانی بودند که بر پایه شرح حال، معاینه بالینی و آزمایش های انجام شده هیچ گونه بیماری تیرویید و اختلالات سیستمیک نداشتند ولی دچار سندروم تخمدان پلی کیستیک بودند. آنتی بادی های ضد تیرویید در هر دو گروه اندازه گیری و داده ها به کمک آزمون های آماری کای دو، t و آنالیز واریانس تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافته ها: بین بیماران و گروه کنترل تفاوت معنی داری از نظر شیوع ومقدار آنتی بادی های ضد تیرویید وجود نداشت (05/0P>). میزان تری یدوتیروئید (T3) و تیروکسین (T4) در گروه سندروم تخمدان پلی کیستیک، به طور معنی داری بالاتر از گروه شاهد بود (05/0

Thalassemia major may decrease the frequency of febrile convulsions in children

AbstractAim: We aimed to determine the relative frequency of febrile convulsion in children with major thalassemia to theorize that higher serum iron levels could reduce the incidence of febrile convulsion. Background: Febrile convulsion is the most common type of seizure in childhood that its causes are not fully understood. However, some risk factors have been cited such as the serum iron level. Materials and methods: Three hundred and fifty-nine children aged more than 5 years with major thalassemia who were receiving blood were enrolled as the case group. The control group consisted of 357 children without thalassemia aged 4–7 years (151 boys, 206 girls) who were referred to healthcare centers for routine health monitoring. Included data were the history of febrile convulsion, age of onset and type and the frequency of convulsions. Results: Children in control group significantly experienced more febrile convulsions than thalassemic children [4/359 (1.1%) in the thalassemic children and 14/357 (3.9%) in the control group had experienced febrile convulsions (P=0.017)]. Conclusion: The frequency of febrile convulsion in children with major thalassemia is less than that of normal children. Children with thalassemia major may have higher serum levels of iron and such high serum iron levels might have a protective role in the children who have a vulnerability for febrile convulsions