Investigating Predictive Factors of Power of the Theory Planned Behavior (TPB) on the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection in Mothers Under 2 Years of Age

Introduction: One of the most important problems in childhood is urinary tract infections, which can lead to permanent damage to the kidneys. The purpose of this study was to measure the constructs of the theory of planned behavior regarding the preventive behaviors of urinary tract infection in mothers with a dughter under two years of age. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study that was carried out on 280 mothers of girls under the age of two years who referred to health centers and were randomly selected. The data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire validity and reliability of which were confirmed. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics of the mother, dimensions of the planned behavioral model and maternal duty checklist. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS 20, Pearson correlation and linear regression tests. Results: Mean and standard deviation of attitude score (3.87±0.37), subjective norm (4.09±0.49), perceived behavior control (4.32±0.47), behavioral intention (4.59±0.47) performance (2.78±0.58) and knowledge (0.62±0.1) was observed. In regression analysis, variables of knowledge and intention to behave, predicted a total of 15% (R2=0.16, B=1.342, P=0.001) of behavioral change. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, in designing educational interventions, the awareness and structure of behavioral intention should be considered as the most important predictor of mothers’ behavior

Ultrasonographic Thicknesses of Ruminal and Abdominal Wall in High Yielding Holstein Dairy Cows

Abstract: Ultrasonography has been used as a non invasive method for examination of gastrointestinal tract of cattle. Rumen status and rumen health are importance in high producing dairy herds. In this study the normal values of abdominal and ruminal wall thickness in mid lactation cows were measured and abnormal cases were evaluated with ultrasonography. On ultrasonogram, ruminal wall in all of the cases were constituted by two layers but in some cases such as fluid accumulation or ascite were imaged as three layers. The mean ± standard deviation of abdominal and ruminal wall thickness (two layers) were 17.31 ± 3.08 and 8.01 ± 1.36 milimeters respectively. So, ultrasonographic investigation of left abdomen and their values of the thicknesses could be a part of rumen health evaluation in dairy herds but more researchs should be done for this matter in high producing dairy herds