1,476 research outputs found
Theory of spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy applied to local spins
We provide a theory for scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy using
a spin-polarized tip. It it shown that the tunneling conductance can be
partitioned into three separate contributions, a background conductance which
is independent of the local spin, a dynamical conductance which is proportional
to the local spin moment, and a conductance which is proportional to the noise
spectrum of the local spin interactions. The presented theory is applicable to
setups with magnetic tip and substrate in non-collinear arrangement, as well as
for non-magnetic situations. The partitioning of the tunneling current suggests
a possibility to extract the total spin moment of the local spin from the
dynamical conductance. The dynamical conductance suggests a possibility to
generate very high frequency spin-dependent ac currents and/or voltages. We
also propose a measurement of the dynamical conductance that can be used to
determine the character of the effective exchange interaction between
individual spins in clusters. The third contribution to the tunneling current
is associated with the spin-spin correlations induced by the exchange
interaction between the local spin moment and the tunneling electrons. We
demonstrate how this term can be used in the analysis of spin excitations
recorded in conductance measurements. Finally, we propose to use spin-polarized
scanning tunneling microscopy for detailed studies of the spin excitation
spectrum.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure, updated to match the published version, to appear
in the Phys. Rev.
Ecosystem engineering creates a direct nutritional link between 600-m deep cold-water coral mounds and surface productivity
Cold-water corals (CWCs) form large mounds on the seafloor that are hotspots of biodiversity in the deep sea, but it remains enigmatic how CWCs can thrive in this food-limited environment. Here, we infer from model simulations that the interaction between tidal currents and CWC-formed mounds induces downwelling events of surface water that brings organic matter to 600-m deep CWCs. This positive feedback between CWC growth on carbonate mounds and enhanced food supply is essential for their sustenance in the deep sea and represents an example of ecosystem engineering of unparalleled magnitude. This ’topographically-enhanced carbon pump’ leaks organic matter that settles at greater depths. The ubiquitous presence of biogenic and geological topographies along ocean margins suggests that carbon sequestration through this pump is of global importance. These results indicate that enhanced stratification and lower surface productivity, both expected consequences of climate change, may negatively impact the energy balance of CWCs
Electronic structure and magnetism of equiatomic FeN
In order to investigate the phase stability of equiatomic FeN compounds and
the structure-dependent magnetic properties, the electronic structure and total
energy of FeN with NaCl, ZnS and CsCl structures and various magnetic
configurations are calculated using the first-principles TB-LMTO-ASA method.
Among all the FeN phases considered, the antiferromagnetic NaCl structure with
q=(00pi) is found to have the lowest energy at the theoretical equilibrium
volume. However, the FM NaCl phase lies only 1mRyd higher. The estimated
equilibrium lattice constant for nonmagnetic ZnS-type FeN agrees quite well
with the experimental value, but for the AFM NaCl phase the estimated value is
6.7% smaller than that observed experimentally. For ZnS-type FeN, metastable
magnetic states are found for volumes larger than the equilibrium value. On the
basis of an analysis of the atom- and orbital-projected density of states and
orbital-projected Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population, the iron-nitrogen
interactions in NM ZnS, AFM NaCl and FM CsCl structures are discussed. The
leading Fe-N interactions is due to the d-p iron-nitrogen hybridization, while
considerable s-p and p-p hybridizations are also observed in all three phases.
The iron magnetic moment in FeN is found to be highly sensitive to the
nearest-neighboring Fe-N distance. In particular, the magnetic moment shows an
abrupt drop from a value of about 2 muB to zero with the reduction of the Fe-N
distance for the ZnS and CsCl structures.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Measuring Client Experiences of Motivational Interviewing During a Lifestyle Intervention
The Client Evaluation of Motivational Interviewing was used to assess motivational interviewing experiences in a predominantly female, African American sample from the Southeastern United States who received motivational interviewing-based feedback during a multicomponent lifestyle intervention. Motivational interviewing was experienced differently than a primarily White, male, Northeastern mental health sample
Spontaneous separation of two-component Fermi gases in a double-well trap
The two-component Fermi gas in a double-well trap is studied using the
density functional theory and the density profile of each component is
calculated within the Thomas-Fermi approximation. We show that the two
components are spatially separate in the two wells once the repulsive
interaction exceeds the Stoner point, signaling the occurrence of the
ferromagnetic transition. Therefore, the double-well trap helps to explore
itinerant ferromagnetism in atomic Fermi gases, since the spontaneous
separation can be examined by measuring component populations in one well.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, to appear in ep
Correlated metals and the LDA+U method
While LDA+U method is well established for strongly correlated materials with
well localized orbitals, its application to weakly correlated metals is
questionable. By extending the LDA Stoner approach onto LDA+U, we show that
LDA+U enhances the Stoner factor, while reducing the density of states.
Arguably the most important correlation effects in metals, fluctuation-induced
mass renormalization and suppression of the Stoner factor, are missing from
LDA+U. On the other hand, for {\it moderately} correlated metals LDA+U may be
useful. With this in mind, we derive a new version of LDA+U that is consistent
with the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem and can be formulated as a constrained density
functional theory. We illustrate all of the above on concrete examples,
including the controversial case of magnetism in FeAl.Comment: Substantial changes. In particular, examples of application of the
proposed functional are adde
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