Pathogenic Protozoans of Grasshopper from Imphal, Manipur, India

Septate gregarines or Cephaline gregarines are a group of parasitic protozoans of Grasshopper. Eugregarines are the most common; these species inhabit the midgut though rarely pathogenic in the mid-gut, they have been reported to block the gut of the host. Those inhabiting the gastric caeca cause serious pathologies than the midgut-inhabiting species. Some of the best known genera found in Manipur are Gregarina, Phleobum, Didymophyes, Amphiplatyspora, Lepismatophila, Quadruspinospora and Quadruknobspora. The study reports the morphological details of 16species of the above genera collected from Imphal. Illustrative diagrams and photomicrographs are provided for better species identification

Redescription of Lepismatophila cruszi Kundu and Haldar, 1984 (Apicomplexa : Sporozoea) from Chondracis rosea (Order: Orthoptera)

This study describes external characteristics and life history of a species of cephaline gregarine (Apicomplexa: Sporozoea) of the genus Lepismatophila [1], from Chondracis rosea (Order: Orthoptera)of Manipur, India. Diagnosis characteristic of the species the epimerite a simple symmetrical knob, Protomerite present throughout trophozoite stage, Solitary nature of Sporadins, Cyst without ducts dehiscence by simple rupture and Spores in uncoiling chains, ellipsoidal, boat shaped, without any filamentous process are discussed. And the morphological details of the different stages supported with photomicrographs are also provided

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Some Antagonistic Trichoderma spp. in the Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes

Plant parasitic nematodes cause great economic losses to agricultural crops worldwide. They along, with their hosts, are not isolated in the ecological system, but are strongly influenced by antagonists, parasites and pathogens. Though pesticides appear to be the most economical and efficacious means of controlling plant pathogens, toxicological, environmental and sociological concerns have led to drastic reductions in the availability of efficient commercial nematicides. These restrictions have forced farmers to look for an integral system that makes use of other means of disease control. Species of spiral nematodes, Helicotylenchus and Scutellonema, were among the most abundant plant parasitic nematodes of the mulberry plant. Eco-friendly control of the parasitic nematodes could be achieved by means of endoparasitic fungi (like Hirsutella, Meria, Nematophthora and Nematoctonus), trapping fungi (like Arthrobotrys and Duddingtonia) or parasitic fungi (like Paeceilomyces lilacinus). During the course of this present work, Trichoderma Pers. Ex. Fr. was found to be one of the most effective fungi in controlling the eggs and J2 of Meloidogyne javanica. The present study outlines the comparative efficacy of five Trichoderma species (T. viride, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. koningii and T. hamatum) against Helicotylenchus sp. and Scutellonema sp. The study also outlines the effect of Trichoderma viride Persoon on Scutellonema spp. and Helicotylenchus sp., effect of Trichoderma harzianum Raifae on Scutellonema sp. and Helicotylenchus sp., effect of Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai on Scutellonema sp. and Helicotylenchus sp., effect of Trichoderma koningii Oudeom on Scutellonema sp. and Helicotylenchus sp., and lastly effect of Trichoderma hamatum (Bonord) Bainier on Scutellonema sp. and Helicotylenchus sp

First Report of Amphiplatyspora striata Kundu and Haldar, 1984 from Chondracisrosea (Order: Orthoptera) of Manipur, India.

The present communication deals with the complete life history of a Septate Gregarine (Protozoa:Sporozoa) found in Grasshoppers. Gregarines found in the mid-gut region of Grasshoppers were collected and examined for parasites. A species belonging to the genus Amphiplatysporawas obtained from Chondracisrosea. The morphology of the gregarine and its affinities with the other genera of the family Amphiplatysporidae [3] are discussed. The morphological details of the different stages supported with photomicrographs are also provided

STUDIES ON SOIL NEMATODES OF MANIPUR-XI : TWO NEW AND ONE KNOWN SPECIES OF TYLENCHOLAIMUS

Two new species of Tylencholaimus i.e. Tylencholaimus (Discity lencholaimus) imperamus n.sp. and Tylencholaimus (Discity lencholaimus) lokus n.sp. are reported from Manipur. Dimensions of another species Tylencholaimus (Discity lencholaimus) minutus Vinciguerra, 1986 is also provided

THREE NEW SPECIES OF THE FAMILY CRICONEMOITIDAE (TAYLOR, 1936) THORNE, 1949 FROM MANIPUR

  Three new species of the family Criconemoitidae (Taylor, 1936) Thorne, 1949 are described and illustrated. Ogma (ogma) ornama n.sp. has a slightly ventrally curved body, the first annule discoid, larger than the corresponding body annules, robust stylet, body annules eighty in number, spermatheca spherical, vulva on the 13th annule from tail terminus. Anus on the 10th annule from tail terminus. Discocriconemella spermata n.sp. is distinctive in its long body, higher position of vulval opening, serrated annules, setoff spermatheca, slopping stylet knob. Criconemella ovospermata n.sp. differs from its closely related species in its smaller body, shape and length of tail, more posterior vulval opening, number of annules in body. &nbsp

One new and three known species of <i>Paratylenchus</i> (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) from Manipur, India

Three known species of Paratylenchus i.e., P. canchipur, P. lepidus , P. longicaudatus and one new species, Paratylenchus thysanolus, are reported from Manipur, India with descriptions and illustrations

LARVAL TREMATODES AND THEIR SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN SNAILS OF MANIPUR

A total of 2.066 snails belonging to species namely, Indoplanorbis exustus, Gyraulus convexiusculus, Lymnaea luteola, Melanoid Striatella tuberculata, livipara bengalensis and Pila globosa were examined for the detection of larval trematodes. Three groups of larval trematodes viz. Amphistome, Gymnocephalous and Echinostome were found from the snails studied. Among the snail species, the highest percentage of larval trematodes was observed in Lynnaea luteola (34.0%) while the lowest was in livipara bengalensis (8.3%). Whereas in Pila globosa no larval trematodes could be recorded. Amphistome cercaria (11.7%) had the highest prevalent rate in the snail population studied while the lowest was recorded for Gymnocephalous type of cercaria (3.1%). Overall prevalence of larval trematodes was highest in rainy season (24.5%) while the lowest was in winter season (5.2%). &nbsp