Peranan Institusi-institusi Islam Dalam Merealisasikan Keperluan Rahnu dan Qard Sebagai Pemacu Ekonomi Kebajikan Ummah Pada Masa Kini: Satu Pandangan Menurut Falsafah Ekonomi Islam

Tujuan kertas kerja ini adalah untuk membincangkan serta menganalisa secara analisa kandungan mengenai konsep rahn dan qard yang bertunjangkan al-Quran dan hadis. Secara tidak langsung, ia merupakan intipati utama yang membentuk falsafah ekonomi Islam. Walaupun isu ini melibatkan persoalan hukum fiqah secara tidak langsung, namun perbincangan adalah lebih tertumpu kepada merealisasikan falsafah tersebut menurut kehendak wahyu. Ulasan dan perbincangan berdasarkan alQuran dan Hadis diteliti bagi maksud tersebut. Hasil kajian menurut kehendak sebenar wahyu mendapati rahn dan qard adalah bermatlamatkan kebajikan, bukannya bermatlamatkan pemaksimuman keuntungan demi untuk memacu ekonomi kebajikan masyarakat Islam. Kebajikan dalam Islam pula bererti pelaburan akhirat. Ini telah dijelaskan melalui pembahagian tiga sektor utama dalam sistem ekonomi Islam yang di dalamnya meliputi beberapa dasar-dasar muamalat Islam secara khusus. Dana bagi tujuan program ini adalah dicadangkan daripada sebahagian lebihan dana yang bukan bertujuan untuk perniagaan di mana pemodalnya mensasarkan pulangan tertentu daripada pelaburan tersebut. Salah satunya adalah daripada lebihan-lebihan yang terdapat di baitulmal-baitulmal tempata

Analisis Hadith-hadith Zakat Dalam Karya Sahih al-Bukhari

Hadith is the second most important source in Islam after the Quran. Muslims have given hadith great attention since the early period of Islam. Usually, the works of hadith are only referred to from the point of view of the hadith and not from the point of view of Fiqh. If we want to understand hadith, the books are considered unsuitable for public reading because they are only raw material that has not been mixed to be used as a reference in Islamic Laws. However, the works of hadith are not separated from the discussions of Fiqh according to the scholars who compiled them such as Imam al-Bukhari. The translation of the chapter found in this work describes his works on the jurisprudence of hadith. This study utilizes qualitative research methods. Based on the importance of hadith in the discussion of Fiqh as emphasized by previous hadith scholars like Imam al-Bukhari, this article aims to obtain some views of scholars in their discussion on the understanding of the hadiths of zakat accumulated in Sahih al-Bukhari through the translation (tarjamah) of chapter by Imam al-Bukhari, which is considered still relevant to be discussed nowaday

Pengurusan Pembiayaan Perdagangan Antarabangsa Islam Dalam Sistem Perbankan Islam Di Malaysia

Perkhidmatan pembiayaan perdagangan antarabangsa mula diperkenalkan dalam sistem perbankan Islam di Malaysia pada awal 1990an apabila terdapat keperluan terhadap instrumen-instrumen Islam dalam bentuk perdagangan terutamanya di peringkat antarabangsa. Kebanyakan instrumen-instrumen pembiayaan perdagangan adalah berasaskan instrumen konvensional seperti surat jaminan bank (BG), surat kredit(LC), bil penerimaan(AB), jaminan perkapalan(SG), pembiayaan semula kredit eksport (ECR dan lain-lain. Untuk membolehkannya diterima oleh perbankan Islam, maka beberapa pengubahsuaian dilakukan supaya selaras dengan kehendak syariah seperti mengaplikasikan kontrak-kontrak muamalat Islam dalam produk-produk tersebut . Kontrak-kontrak muamalat yang banyak digunakan dalam produk-produk pembiayaan perdagangan antarabangsa Islam ialah murabahah, bai- al-dayn, kafalah dan wakalah. Kertas kerja ini menganalisis pengurusan pembiayaan perdagangan antarabangsa secara Islam yang dilaksanakan oleh bank-bank Islam di Malaysia dari aspek kontrak-kontrak muamalat yang digunakan dan produk-produk yang ditawarkan

The Innovations of Hibahasan Instrument of Islamic Finance and Islamic Estate Management in Malaysia

The application of hibah as an instrument in estate management is gaining popularity among the Muslim community in Malaysia. “Hibah is a unilateral contract” that elevate welfare and charity. The Islamic financial institutions in Malaysia, including Islamic banks as well as Islamic wealth institutions apply varities of hibah instruments in the products accessible by them. Hibah is a cooperating shariah contract in the Malaysia?s Islamic banking and financial framework. The aim is to incentivize clients for storing their cash into the institution as well as remunerate for clients to pay their financing by agreeing planned. The use of hibah is based on the stated fundamentals and objectives of the “Shariah Advisory Council (SAC) of Bank Negara Malaysia”. Nowadays, hibah instrument has been applied in various forms using Islamic financial institutions especially in Malaysia. This article discusses and analyzes in general the application of contemporary forms of hibah such as Trust Hibah (Hibah Amanah), Conditional Hibah (Hibah Mu'allaqah), Hibah with discussion (Hibah Bi al-Thawab), hibah in saving account (Wadiah) and rental (al-Ijarah) accounts and hibah in Takaful benefi

Implementation Of Authoritative Statement Of The Shafiite Madhhab In The Economic Legal Ruling In The State Of Kedah And State Of Penang

The authoritative statement of the Shafi‘ite madhhab is a well-established term in the policy of fatwa in Malaysia involving various issues such as worship, marriage, crime and muamalat or economic. The objective of this study is to examine the actual position of the implementation of the authoritative statement of the Shafi‘ite madhhab policy in the determination of economic fatwas in the two states which have laid the groundwork covering the views used in the determination of the fatwas whether the authoritative statement of the Shafi‘ite madhhab, Aqwal Syafi'iyyah or the other Ahl Sunnah Wal Jamaah school of thoughts such as Hanafi, Maliki and Hanbali. Qualitative study methods are used to make economic fatwas in Kedah and Penang as samples of the study. From the economic fatwas that have been filtered out of all the fatwas published by the Mufti Department of Kedah and Penang, their implementation position was analyzed using Nvivo 11 software. The findings show that economic fatwas set based on the authoritative statement of the Shafi‘ite madhhab are very small. However, the findings also show the views of other schools, such as Hanafi, Maliki and Hanbali, have been taken into account in the determination of economic fatwa in both states. Based on these findings, it can provide input to the State Mufti of Kedah and Penang to formulate strategies in strengthening the economic fatwas that will be set in the existing policy framework for current need

Analysis on the Factors of Declining the Collection of Agricultural Zakat

In Malaysia, the agricultural produce that is required to pay zakat is in the form of staple food (qut al-balad) that is filling on a state. This meaning is used by most zakat institutions in Malaysia namely Kedah (State Zakat Board), Selangor (Selangor Zakat Board), Malacca (Melaka Zakat Center), Pahang (Pahang Zakat Collection Center) and others. In the Malaysian context it is understood that the staple food of the people is rice (paddy). Therefore, zakat on crops is compulsory on rice when certain conditions are fulfilled. Kedah is considered as the "rice bowl"(Jelapang Padi) of Malaysia, accounting for about half of Malaysia's total production of rice. Base on the statement, Kedah should have a high collection of agricultural zakat. Recently, data shows that the collection of agricultural zakat among the farmers in Kedah is declining due to certain factors and issues. Using qualitative method, this article analyses the historical aspect, fatwas, legality and current implementation of agricultural zakat in Kedah. Further, using interview and documentation method, the study analyses the factors of declining the collection of agricultural zakat in Keda

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

The concept of dimension in human resource management from Islamic management perspective

This paper is attempts to discuss the concept of dimension in human resource management (HRM) from Islamic management perspective.Based on library research, a few HRM dimensions are proposed, such as recruitment and selection, compensation, knowledge management, leadership and employee relations. In short, this paper is perhaps the first that discuss in detail on HRM from the Islamic management perspective.Hence, the findings of this study could assist policy makers on how to discover and understand new dimensions of human resource management from Islamic management perspective

Konsep niat menurut Imam Ghazali daripada perspektif gelagat kepenggunaan

Islam mementingkan niat dalam setiap tindakan kerana sesuatu perbuatan adat boleh berubah menjadi ibadat. Jika ditelusuri niat dalam teori Barat, mereka tidak menitikberatkan soal pahala dalam setiap tindakan yang dilakukan. Dalam kepenggunaan, walaupun niat turut dititiberatkan oleh para sarjana Barat selain Islam, namun yang membezakan kedua-duanya adalah perkara ukhurawi yang disentuh oleh Islam. Niat penting kerana ia mampu mendorong seseorang bertindak dengan berhikmah dan membawa manfaat untuk hari akhirat. Antara ulama yang banyak membincangkan tentang niat dalam aktiviti seharian adalah Imam al- hazali. Kebanyakan kajian lepas yang berkaitan niat pengguna adalah berteraskan teori yang diperkenalkan oleh Barat tanpa merujuk perbincangan teori Islam mengenainya. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan meneliti konsep niat dalam kepenggunaan menurut pandangan Imam al-Ghazali yang merupakan seorang sarjana ulung dunia Islam. Metode kajian adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Kajian ini mendapati niat akan menentukan pahala seseorang dalam aktiviti kepenggunaan yang dilakukannya. Oleh itu, pengguna perlu menetapkan niat yang betul dalam aktiviti kepenggunaan agar perbuatan yang dilakukan bernilai di sisi Allah SWT

Analisis Elemen Niat Dalam Konsep Kepenggunaan Islam

Penggunaan adalah salah satu aktiviti dalam kepenggunaan. Ajaran Islam adalah ajaran yang syumul dan membawa kebaikan kepada seluruh masyarakat. Setiap tindakan seorang Muslim mempunyai penilaian dosa dan pahala. Setiap penilaian adalah berpandukan kepada niat. Kebanyakkan kajian berkaitan niat pengguna adalah dilakukan menggunakan teori yang diperkenalkan oleh Barat. Konsep niat yang diperkenalkan oleh Barat sama sekali tidak sama dengan konsep yang ada dalam ajaran Islam. Bahkan pada hari ini masyarakat Muslim kurang mengambil berat perihal berkaitan niat apatah lagi niat dalam aktiviti seharian. Pada dasarnya aktiviti penggunaan adalah salah satu aktiviti seharian yang menjadi harus ke atas seorang Muslim. Namun aktiviti ini boleh berubah situasinya bergantung kepada niat seorang Muslim tersebut. Sesuatu tindakan boleh menjadi berpahala, tidak berpahala atau berdosa. Oleh itu, artikel ini akan membincangkan perkaitan niat dalam konsep penggunaan Islam. Metode kajian adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah temu bual. Artikel ini mendapati bahawa terdapat empat garis panduan penggunaan Islam dan setiap garis panduan ini terlaksana dengan baik sekiranya seseorang Muslim itu mempunyai iman dan ilmu serta menghadirkan niat yang betul dalam setiap tindakan penggunaan merek