Pattern recognition for HEV engine diagnostic using an improved statistical analysis

Detecting early symptoms of engine failure is a crucial phase in an engine management system to prevent poor driving performance and experience. This paper proposes a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) engine diagnostics using a low-cost piezo-film sensor, an analysis with improved statistical method and verification by a Support Vector Machine (SVM). The current engine management system is unable to evaluate the performance of each cylinder operation. Eventually, it affects the whole hybrid vehicle system, particularly in the mode of charging and accelerating. This research aims to classify the combustion to monitor the condition of sparking activity of the engine by using the Z-freq statistical method. Piezo-film sensors were mounted on the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) wall of each hybrid vehicle for vibration signal measurements. The engine runs at different speeds, the vibration signals were then recorded and analysed using the Z-freq technique. A machine learning tool referred to as Support Vector Machine was used to verify the classifications made by the Z-freq technique. A significant correlation was found between the voltage signal and calculated Z-freq coefficient value. Moreover, a good pattern was produced within a consistent value of the engine speed. This technique is useful for the hybrid engine to identify different stages of combustion and enable pattern categorisation of the measured parameters. These improved techniques provide strong evidence based on pattern representation and facilitate the investigator to categorise the measured parameters

Industrial Application Of Value Stream Mapping In Developing Best Practices For Productivity Improvement

The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of how a manufacturing company developed the best practices for productivity improvement in production areas by using Value Stream Mapping (VSM). VSM was used to identify bottlenecks in the plant that limits the throughput and to identify wastes which included non value added activities in the constrained production areas. Results of VSM application have revealed the plant’s overall bottlenecks and means of increasing the throughput. The study findings are originated from a composites technology company which practiced lean manufacturing system and the results may not be applicable to other types of industry. VSM is considered a very useful tool for productivity improvement that it is easy to be used by plants’ management to help them identify and manage bottlenecks, and to eliminate wastes from the production system. This paper offers practical and easy-to-use productivity improvement tools to assist manufacturing managers to boost-up the productivity

Study On Mechanical Properties And Microstructure Analysis Of Aisi 304l Stainless Steel Weldments

Manufacturing operations require joining process in a way that it is considered as an important process to be applied in almost every operation or process that involves fabricating of products. The aim of this research is to evaluate mechanical properties and analyzed Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) of austenic stainless steel AISI 304Lweldments. The welding was conducted based on three different sizes of filler wire 0.8mm, 1.0mm and 1.2mm respectively. The arc voltage used also consists of three different values 30V, 60V and 90V and the current flow for Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding was set to constant value of 100A. The specimens were divided into five groups to undergo tensile test, hardness test, impact test, HAZ temperature variation study and followed by microstructure observation. The experimental result showed that tensile strength, hardness and impact resistance were increased with the used of biggest size of filler wire which is 1.2 mm. The relations then were compared with HAZ temperature variation analysis and the image analyzer showed that the transformation from austenite to martensite at HAZ created a hard and brittle structure near the fusion zone. The results revealed that different filler wire size and different arc voltage applied could enforce the austenitic stainless steel structure

The Study of EMA Effect on Modal Identification: A Review

Modal Analysis is a common practice to define parameters of structure under scientific view. The properties that come along need to be enlightened so that every circumstance appeared may be tackled in proper manner. Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) is a well-known procedure for determining modal parameters. The EMA is regarded as an ‘indoor tools’ to examine modal parameters. Meanwhile, Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) on the other hand acts as an ‘outdoor tools’, or operated at site. Here, the EMA analysis method will be discussed. Modal parameters consist of mode shape, natural frequency and damping ratio

Modal Analysis Study On Aluminum 6061 Using Accelerometer And Piezoelectric Film Sensor

This study is conducted to determine vibration or modal parameters such as natural frequencies and mode shapes of aluminum 6061 (Al6061). If the component vibrates with frequency coherence with the natural frequency, resonance frequency will occur and structural failure might emerge. Modal analysis study is conducted by both simulation and experimental methods. Simulation is conducted via ANSYS software while impact hammer testing is done for experimental work to determine the vibration parameter. Two sensors are used, which are piezoelectric film and accelerometer. Hence, the results obtained from accelerometer showed that frequencies for mode shape 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 for rectangular shape are 272.00Hz, 521.33Hz, 913.00Hz, 1080.67Hz, 1437.33Hz and 1803.00Hz. The results obtained from piezoelectric film showed that frequencies for mode shape 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 for rectangular shape are 258.33Hz, 524.67Hz, 884.33Hz, 1141.67Hz, 1399.67Hz and 1752.33Hz. Finally, the results captured from simulation appeared that frequencies for mode shape 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 for rectangular shape are 291.72Hz, 647.63Hz, 841.42Hz, 1465.00Hz, 1554.00Hz and 1952.40H respectively. The results showed that low cost sensor which is piezoelectric film proved to be reliable in detecting the modal parameter

The Study Of EMA Effect On Modal Identification: A Review

Modal Analysis is a common practice to define parameters of structure under scientific view. The properties that come along need to be enlightened so that every circumstance appeared can be tackled in proper manner. Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) is a well-known procedure for determining modal parameters. The EMA is regarded as an ‘indoor tools’ to examine modal parameters. Meanwhile, Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) on the other hand acts as an ‘outdoor tools’, or operated at site. OMA tests in most engineering applications are not comparable to typical EMA tests. During a typical OMA test, the structure has different boundary conditions than the typical free-free conditions of an EMA test. Therefore, it can be expected that OMA results in many (or even most) engineering applications will show higher damping values than a free-free EMA test. Here, the EMA analysis method will be discussed. Modal parameters consist of mode shape, natural frequency and damping ratio. The study focused on performing mass change strategy via mass normalization of the displacement and strain mode shape occurred in strain EMA. By applying EMA, the mass-normalized displacement and strain mode shapes of the structures can be obtained, through matching the shapes which were calculated by FEM. The results were verified via classic EMA measurement method. One of the benefit of applying mass change strategy is other than obtaining the modal parameter, the strain mode shape parameter also possible to be determined. From the analysis, one can understand that the EMA has its own significant role in detecting modal appeared by mean of vibration. Thus, EMA proven to be a useful method to gain relevant data relating with mechanical properties characteristics other than strain such like stress, impact, tensile, elongation etc

A Study On Gasoline Engine Fuel Octane Numbers Using Accelerometer Analyzing And Statistical Measurement

Octane numbers are considered as one of the most important things element in fuel to ensure the performance of the engine. Octane numbers are also can be the cause of failure to the engine. This study is present about the performance of the engine that relates to the octane numbers and compression ratio. The experimental procedure was performed by using three specimen fuels within the specific range of speed at the engine. Data acquisition involved the vibration signal recorded by the accelerometer sensor. The vibration signal that produced by dynamic response of combustion engine has been analyzed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). All the data recorded are filtered using the MATLAB to get the valid data. The data obtained from the experiment were analyzed using statistical analysis method to make the interpretation of the data obtained. Mean absolute percentage error and root mean square error has been showing the suitable fuel for the engine N43B20. Correlation process has been proved that it can be used as a standard for determining the suitable fuel for the engine through statistical analysis which is non-destructive, low cost and efficient method

Parametric Study On Volume Fraction Of Representative Volume Element (RVE) CFRP AND GFRP Towards Tensile Properties

The study of Representative Volume Element (RVE)on Composite Material has been performed in the aim to obtain the relation and effect of fiber volume fraction on its tensile properties which is one of the important mechanical properties for composite designers in automotive and aerospace community.The properties such as fibre content, orientation, dimension of constituent fibres (diameter), level of intermixing of fibres, interface bonding between fibre and matrix, and arrangement of fibres between different types of fibres, influences the mechanical properties of hybrid composite.Representative Volume Element (RVE) for each constituent Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP)assumed isotropic behavior for carbon fibre, glass fibre and epoxy resin matrix and assumed to be perfectly bonded interface between fibre and matrix region i.e. strain compatibility at theinterface. The scope of study on the micromechanical modelling via representative volume element (RVE) is limited only to unidirectional composites.The result of parametric study performed deduces that incremental volume fraction of carbon and glass respectively will increase the E11(Modulus of Elasticity in Tensile Direction) and enhance the tensile properties of both CFRP and GFRP

Development Of Polymer Mechanical Properties Characteristics Using I-KAZ 4D Analysis Method.

This study was undertaken to develop an alternative method based on signal analysis known as I-kaz 4D or I-kaz 4 channels.The aim was to characterize several mechanical properties including Poisson Ratio (PR), Vickers Hardness (VH),Yield Strength (YS),Tensile Strength (TS),Compression Strength (CS) and Fatigue Strength (FS).Specimens used are Polyoxymethylene (POM), Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and Blue Nylon MC (MC Blue).Round bar shape specimens were impacted by steel ball from different heights,20 cm to 40 cm.This test was conducted at semi-anechoic room and follow ASTM E1876 standard accordingly.4 accelerometer sensors were placed on the specimen surface to capture vibration signal produced by ball impact.Transient signals which generated from ball impact were analysed using Matlab software based on mathematical model I-kaz 4D.As a result,a correlation was found between I-kaz linear coefficient and material mechanical properties.However the errors are within acceptable range for all specimens used.It was found that average errors for Poisson Ratio = 0.69%,Vickers Hardness = 2.12%, Yield Strength = 3.20%,Tensile Strength = 2.43%, Compression Strength = 2.75% and Fatigue Strength =2.02%. It has potentiality to be used for further analysis of the respective materials

An Investigation On Light Structure Modal Parameter By Using Experimental Modal Analysis Method Via Piezofilm Sensor

This study is conducted to determine the modal parameters namely natural frequencies and mode shapes of aluminum 6061 (Al6061). The parameters are done by conducting a free dynamic vibration analysis. Modal analysis study was conducted by both simulation and experimental approaches. The simulation was conducted via ANSYS software while the experimental work was performed through impact hammer testing to determine the vibration parameter. Two sensors i.e. piezoelectric film and accelerometer were used. The result obtained were ya = 302.02x – 52.51 (accelerometer) and yp = 295.78x - 41.73 (piezofilm). ya (accelerometer) and yp (piezofilm) is linear equation of the data plotted according to the reading from mode shape versus natural frequency. The relation between natural frequency from accelerometer and piezofilm for the rectangular-shaped specimen was ya = 1.02yp – 9.90 and can be concluded that the regression ratio of 1.02 was approximately 1.0 which agreed with the status of piezoelectric film sensor that can be used as an alternative sensor for accelerometer. There was a good results agreement between simulation and experimental work outcome