ICT Technologies, Standards and Protocols for Active Distribution Network Automation and Management

The concept of active distribution network (ADN) is evolved to address the high penetration of renewables in the distribution network. To leverage the benefits of ADN, effective communication and information technology is required. Various communication standards to facilitate standard-based communication in distribution network have been proposed in literature. This chapter presents various communication standards and technologies that can be employed in ADN. Among various communication standards, IEC 61850 standard has emerged as the de facto standard for power utility automation. IEC 61850-based information modeling for ADN entities has also been presented in this chapter. To evaluate the performance of ADN communication architecture, performance metrics and performance evaluation tools have also been presented in this chapter

Importance of Spoken English Language in our Professional Development and Life

 Spoken English Language has become the life blood of our professional development and social life. In the worldwide market place spoken English has emerged as the lingua franca. There is a huge and growing demand, for training in Spoken English skills from individuals and companies in all sectors and in all parts of the world. The Importance of Spoken English Language in this age of globalization is essential. English language is the most important language of communication between different countries. UN has recognized 5 languages as its official languages one of them English takes the 1st position. English is spoken by communities on every continent and on oceanic islands in all the major oceans. English is the dominant international language in science, business, aviation, entertainment, and diplomacy, and also on the Internet. In most fields of work your ability to speak English can help you advance your career; helping you get the job you want and earn more money. No matter what your area of expertise, skill in English will contribute substantially to your success. Speaking and understanding English will allow a person to communicate with each other, besides this it offers you more chances of doing professional jobs not in your own country but around the world

Role of Vitamin E in Pregnancy

Vitamins play important roles in female health. They are essential for many functions, including menstruation and ovulation, oocyte (egg) quality and maturation. Vitamin E was first discovered in 1922 as a substance necessary for reproduction. It has become widely known as a powerful lipid-soluble antioxidant. There are various reports on the benefits of vitamin E on health in general. Vitamin E helps your body create and maintain red blood cells, healthy skin, eyes and strengthens your natural immune system. However, despite it being initially discovered as a vitamin necessary for reproduction, to date studies relating to its effects in this area are lacking. Vitamin E supplementation may help reduce the risk of pregnancy complications involving oxidative stress, such as pre-eclampsia. This chapter is written to provide a review of the known roles of vitamin E in pregnancy

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

A novel PRP based deterministic, redundant and resilient IEC 61850 substation communication architecture

A secure, reliable, redundant, resilient, time critical, efficient and interoperable substation communication network (SCN) is a prerequisite for a viable Substation Automation System (SAS). Due to emergence of IEC 61850 as a global standard for substation automation, the interoperability issues among components of substation from different vendors are resolved. The communication network must be fault tolerant and any substantial levels of disturbances should not affect the normal operation of the SAS. Due to digitization in SCN, the communication methodology is mainly focused on exchange of encrypted packet information. Failure of the communication mechanism, even for the order of milliseconds, would lead to catastrophic effects within the substation and also impacts the operation of grid, if not cleared timely. The high reliability of such a system is only possible under a redundant communication network which has a zero switchover time. Hence IEC 62439-3 based redundant protocols such as Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) recommended to be used in SCNs to achieve redundancy and seamless recovery in case of a failure. PRP based SAS along with detailed analysis of underlying process for implementing PRP protocol and its comparison with existing conventional protocols based SCN reported in literature is presented

Antioxidant potential of Rumex vesicarius L.: in vitro approach

Objective: To assess in-vitro antioxidant activity of different fraction and perform high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint analysis of most active fraction of Rumex vesicarius L. (R. vesicarius). Methods: In the present study, acetone, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol extracts of R. vesicarius were evaluated for radical scavenging activity by studying the inhibition of the level of lipid peroxidation induced by Fe(++)/ascorbate, DNA sugar damage, scavenging of hydrogen peroxide, diphenylphosphine DPPH radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoids content and total proanthocyanidin. High performance thin layer chromatography finger print profiling of R. vesicarius L. was also done. Results: Lipid peroxidation induced by the iron/ascorbate system, hydrogen peroxide, diphenylphosphine and DNA sugar damage were inhibited by the addition of different extract of R. vesicarius. Among them, methanolic extract showed maximum efficacy. The methanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic, total flavonoids and total proanthocyanidin contents. Conclusions: The results suggest that the extracts can be a vital source of phytochemical antioxidants

The Emerging Energy Internet: Architecture, Benefits, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Energy Internet is a concept proposed to harness, control, and manage energy resources effectively, with the help of information and communication technology. It improves a reliability of the system, and provides an increased utilization of energy resources by integrating the smart grid with the Internet. A scalable and reliable information and communication architecture is a crucial factor for both the operation and management of the energy Internet. The routing or managing of electrical energy is performed through an energy router (ER), synonymous with a communication router, which routes data packets instead of energy packets. In this paper, a holistic review of the energy Internet evolution in terms of the architecture, types of ERs, and the benefits and challenges of its implementation is presented. An exhaustive summary of the designs and architectures of the different types of ERs is also presented in this paper. The benefits of the energy Internet, along with the challenges of its implementation on a large-scale distributed architecture with the inclusion of renewable energy resources, is discussed. Finally, future prospects for the energy Internet for achieving guaranteed reliability and security is presented

Effectiveness of combined seeds (pumpkin, sunflower, sesame, flaxseed): As adjacent therapy to treat polycystic ovary syndrome in females

Abstract The formation and release of eggs during ovulation are impacted by high amounts of androgens. Seed cycling is powerful in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). For efficacy studies, 90 women with PCOS, between 15 and 40 years were selected from the department of gynecology, Tertiary care unit. Women with PCOS were divided into three groups (T0, T1, T2) (20 women/group). Among these three groups, the first was the control group (T0). The second group was the experimental group (T1). In T1, 20 women with PCOS were treated with a portion control diet and METFORMIN 500 mg tab/day for 90 days. The third group was also an experimental group (T2). In this group, 20 women with PCOS were also treated with another treatment plan for 90 days, in which portion control diet and seed cycling were included. During the 12‐week efficacy trial, the highest follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were found in the control group T0 (8.18 ± 0.13 mIU/mL). In T2, FSH falls from 6.545 ± 0.16 mIU/mL to 3.51 ± 0.13 mIU/mL throughout a 12‐week period. Overall, a portion‐controlled diet and seed cycling reduced FSH levels by 1.2% to 2.5%. LH value was 10.118 ± 0.1874 IU/L in the control group (T0), which climbed 12.82 ± 0.15 IU/L, but decreased from 10.62 ± 0.26 IU/L to 9.79 ± 0.17 U/L and 11.015 ± 0.24 IU/L 6.217 ± 0.167 IU/L in the other groups (T1, T2). It was determined that the LH levels were reduced by 1.5%–2% in T2. Conclusively, the seed cycling approach is effective and has significant results in women with PCOS. Seed cycling improves hormonal disturbance in women which promotes a healthy life

Cost Optimization of a Stand-Alone Hybrid Energy System with Fuel Cell and PV

Renewable energy has become very popular in recent years. The amount of renewable generation has increased in both grid-connected and stand-alone systems. This is because it can provide clean energy in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly fashion. Among all varieties, photovoltaic (PV) is the ultimate rising star. Integration of other technologies with solar is enhancing the efficiency and reliability of the system. In this paper a fuel cell–solar photovoltaic (FC-PV)-based hybrid energy system has been proposed to meet the electrical load demand of a small community center in India. The system is developed with PV panels, fuel cell, an electrolyzer and hydrogen storage tank. Detailed mathematical modeling of this system as well as its operation algorithm have been presented. Furthermore, cost optimization has been performed to determine ratings of PV and Hydrogen system components. The objective is to minimize the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of this standalone system. This optimization is performed in HOMER software as well as another tool using an artificial bee colony (ABC). The results obtained by both methods have been compared in terms of cost effectiveness. It is evident from the results that for a 68 MWh/yr of electricity demand is met by the 129 kW Solar PV, 15 kW Fuel cell along with a 34 kW electrolyzer and a 20 kg hydrogen tank with a LPSP of 0.053%. The LCOE is found to be in 0.228 $/kWh. Results also show that use of more sophisticated algorithms such as ABC yields more optimized solutions than package programs, such as HOMER. Finally, operational details for FC-PV hybrid system using IEC 61850 inter-operable communication is presented. IEC 61850 information models for FC, electrolyzer, hydrogen tank were developed and relevent IEC 61850 message exchanges for energy management in FC-PV hybrid system are demonstrated