International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Correlation of Cerebral Atrophy and White Matter Hyperintensity Burden in MRI with Clinical Cognitive Decline

Objective: Dementia is a disease of gradual memory and cognitive loss that affects an individual’s day-to-day activities and is caused by permanent brain damage. Majority of patients are from the elderly population and only2 to 10 % of affected population is less than 65 years.Materials and Methods: We obtained a correlation of severity of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden in MRI with severity of clinically assessed cognitive decline. And also analysed the severity of cerebral atrophy in MRI with severity of clinically assessed cognitive decline.Results: In our study Fazekas scoring for WMHs showed a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 83.3% on correlation with clinical cognitive decline assessed by ADAS-Cog. Also, MTA scale for cerebral atrophy showed a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 88% on correlation with clinical cognitive decline assessed by ADAS-Cog. Significant P-value have been obtained for both the above visual rating scales of MRI (Fazekas and MTA) by linear regression, on correlation with clinically assessed cognitive decline.Conclusion: White matter disease assessed by Fazekas scale and cerebral atrophy by MTA scale on MRI brain correlated well with cognitive decline clinically assessed by neuropsychological tests.</jats:p