Performance Evaluation of Adaptive Equalizer in a Communication System

This project deals with the study of the various kinds of interferences in a communication channel viz. Inter symbol Interference, Multipath Interference and Additive Interference. It deals with the design of an Adaptive Equalizer. The idea of the equalizer is to build (another) filter in the receiver that counteracts the effect of the channel. In essence, the equalizer must “unscatter” the impulse response. This can be stated as the goal of designing the equalizer E so that the impulse response of the combined channel and equalizer CE has a single spike. This can be solved using different techniques. In this project, we have implemented an ‘Adaptive Equalizer’ using four different algorithms in Matlab. We have suggested different ways to decide the coefficients of the equalizer. The first procedure (LEAST SQUARE ALGORITHM) minimizes the square of the symbol recovery error over a block of data which can be done by using matrix pseudo inversion. The second method (LEAST MEAN SQUARE ALGORITHM) involves minimizing the square of the error between the received data values and the transmitted values which are achieved via an adaptive element. The third method (DECISION DIRECTED ALGORITHM) and the fourth method (DISPERSION MINIMIZING ALGORITHM) are used when there is no training sequence and other performance functions are appropriate. In addition to this we have undertaken a study and realization of the Bit Error Rate of a communication system using VisSim Software

Complexation of trivalent lanthanides and actinides with several novel diglycolamide-functionalized calix[4]arenes: solvent extraction, luminescence and theoretical studies

Several diglycolamide-functionalized calix[4]arenes (DGA–Calix) were evaluated for actinide extraction from acidic feeds. The ligands with four diglycolamide (DGA) pendent arms are significantly more effective extractants than those with two DGA pendent arms. The ligands have a preference for the extraction of Eu3+, a representative trivalent lanthanide ion, as compared to Am3+, a commonly encountered trivalent actinide ion. The role of organic diluents on the metal ion extraction was investigated and the results were compared with the widely studied DGA-based extractant TODGA (N,N,N′,N′-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide). Time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) studies showed a strong complexation with no inner-sphere water molecules in the Eu(III)–DGA–Calix complexes and the complex formation constants (log β) were calculated. Ab initio density functional calculations were carried out to explain the higher stability of the Eu-complex of the DGA–Calix ligand with four pendent arms as compared to the one with two pendent arms

Complexation of trivalent lanthanides and actinides with several novel diglycolamide-functionalized calix[4]arenes: solvent extraction, luminescence and theoretical studies

Several diglycolamide-functionalized calix[4]arenes (DGA–Calix) were evaluated for actinide extraction from acidic feeds. The ligands with four diglycolamide (DGA) pendent arms are significantly more effective extractants than those with two DGA pendent arms. The ligands have a preference for the extraction of Eu3+, a representative trivalent lanthanide ion, as compared to Am3+, a commonly encountered trivalent actinide ion. The role of organic diluents on the metal ion extraction was investigated and the results were compared with the widely studied DGA-based extractant TODGA (N,N,N′,N′-tetra-n-octyl diglycolamide). Time resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) studies showed a strong complexation with no inner-sphere water molecules in the Eu(III)–DGA–Calix complexes and the complex formation constants (log β) were calculated. Ab initio density functional calculations were carried out to explain the higher stability of the Eu-complex of the DGA–Calix ligand with four pendent arms as compared to the one with two pendent arms