Correlation between Oxidative Stress and Electrolytes in Diabetic End Stage Renal Disease

ABSTRACT Long-term uncontrolled diabetes mellitus enhances the production of free radicals. In development of various cardiovascular diseases particularly in diabetic end stage renal disease, dysregulation of sodium, potassium and other ions has an important role. To analyze the impact of oxidative stress parameters on serum electrolytes in diabetic end stage renal disease and to further investigate its probable use as a marker to assess the progression of the disease. This prospective study involvesGroup-1 (control), Group-2 (diabetics without complication) and Group-3 (diabetics with diabetic end stage renal disease) of 50 patients each. Oxidative stresswas measured using erythrocyte glutathione&malondialdehyde and plasma thiols. Serum electrolytes, renal profile and blood glucose levels were measured using standard methods. One-Way Anovaand Correlation test were used to analyze the result. A significant increase (p<0.001) in oxidative stress was observed in all the three groups. The study further suggests that there is a significant correlation (p<0.001) between serum electrolytes and oxidative stress. Thisstudyprovides confounding evidence that the electrolyte imbalance is as a result of oxidative stress damaging the erythrocytes and reducing the activity of Na + -K + ATPase

Obesity and prolactin in various populations

Association of Obesity with altered levels of serum prolactin (PRL), a marker of stress is well documented. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the association between obesity and PRL according to sex, ethnicity and age. PubMed, Web of Science (WoS) & EBSCO database were searched from the 5th to 20th of October 2018. Two reviewers independently extracted data from 12 cross sectional studies that used body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) as measures of obesity and aggregated using the random-effect model. The correlation (r) for BMI and PRL was -0.231; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.392 to -0.055) in adults and (r = -0.500; 95% CI = -0.622 to -0.354) in children. In adults, r for BMI and PRL was greater in women than men by -0.127 (95% CI = -0.178 to -0.05) and greater in European populations r=0.156 (95% CI = -0132 to -0.079) than Middle Eastern populations r = -0.655(95% CI = -0.880 to 0.191). Obesity is associated with decreased levels of PRL, and the association is greater among women and Europeans. The emergence of difference between different genders was observed only in adulthood

Association between Leptin (G2548A) and Leptin Receptor (Q223R) Polymorphisms with Plasma Leptin, BMI, Stress, Sleep and Eating Patterns among the Multiethnic Young Malaysian Adult Population from a Healthcare University

Relative leptin resistance in childhood to absolute leptin resistance in maturity suggests sleep, eating behaviour, and the psychological state as probable causes. The current body of research provides inconclusive evidence linking G2548A and Q223R to obesity. Furthermore, we could find very little data that have observed the association between the environment and gene polymorphism, especially in the multiethnic population that exists in Malaysia. This study searched for a possible link between sleeping habits, eating behaviour, and stress indicators with plasma leptin and its genetic variation in young adult Malaysian healthcare students. The study involved 185 first- and second-year medical and dental students from a healthcare university. Polymerase Chain Reaction– Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) determined the genotype, Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbant Assay (ELISA) tested the serum leptin, and a self-administered questionnaire evaluated sleep, eating behaviour, and psychological condition. Gender and ethnicity are linked to fasting plasma leptin levels (p < 0.001). Plasma leptin also affects stress, anxiety, and sadness. Leptin (LEP) and Leptin Receptor (LEPR) polymorphisms were not associated with BMI, plasma leptin, sleep, eating behaviour, or psychological state. Young adult Malaysian Indians were obese and overweight, while Chinese were underweight. These findings imply overweight and obese participants were in stage I of leptin resistance and lifestyle change or leptin therapy could prevent them from becoming cripplingly obese as they age

Academic Performance Improves with Emotional Intelligence Awareness and Physical Exercise among Medical Students

The importance of exercise and knowledge of emotional intelligence (EI) is gaining pace in academia, which is a positive development. Only a few single-blind research studies on the benefits of exercise and Emotional intelligence have indicated their effects on educational attainment among primary school children, but there are very few reports from young adult students. This longitudinal study aims to develop an intervention protocol to investigate the differential association between induced moderate physical exercise combined with emotional intelligence awareness on academic performance among 18-24-year-old private medical university students. Methods: Students are voluntarily enrolled in two groups: TEST (n = 180) and CONTROL (n = 180) based on inclusion criteria along with applicable consent’s and ethical clearance. The groups' baseline data mapping was completed in three phases. For the TEST group, baseline data was obtained in three stages during Phase-1; -, which is the preintervention phase: Anthropometric data, haemoglobin concentration, and cardiorespiratory measurements were all measured in Stage 1. (Lab-based data). Stage 2: two questionnaires were used, one to measure EI awareness and the other to assess learning styles (VARK). Stage 3 entailed the simultaneous recording of pre-intervention academic grades, of a said end block examination for both TEST and CONTROL groups. Phase 2: This is the intervention phase, which included only two components for the TEST group: the first was a moderate exercise regime (BRISK WALKING) of 2-3 sessions per week for about 30 minutes per session, and the second was addressing EI awareness. Which refers to knowing the current status of EI level, and fostering EI knowledge through various teaching-learning methods. Following the end of Phase -1 baseline data mapping, the two intervention components for the TEST group run concurrently for about 6months/24weeks, for the TEST group. Phase-3: is the post-intervention phase which included repeating of Phase-1; Stages 1, 2, and 3 for the TEST group, as well as a concurrent record and analysis of post-intervention academic grades, of the final professional examination for both TEST and CONTROL groups was done after Phase-2. The outcomes of Phase-1 and Phase-3 differential association compared. Results: The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 21.0 software was used to analyse all data from phases 1 and 3. A statistically significant correlation was found between the TEST group (p = 0.0001) and the CONTROL group (p = 0.406) when the pre-intervention period of multifactorial components subjected to intervention was compared to the post-intervention period. Conclusion: Intervention protocol with combined effect of emotional intelligence awareness and induced moderate physical exercise (BRISK WALKING) has shown significant improvement in academic grades

Predicting Plasma Leptin With Anthropometric & Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Measures Of Adiposity In Multiethnic Young Adult Population In Malaysia

Obesity bears multivariate causes and manifestations. Simple anthropometric and non-invasive physical markers are being proposed for easy and early detection of obesity-induced disrupted energy homeostasis and metabolic disorders. Adipose-tissuederived hormone, leptin is largely known for its role in energy homeostasis and paradoxically, higher serum leptin corresponds to higher degree of obesity. Thus, this study aims to investigate the association of plasma leptin with common physical measures of adiposity in a multiethnic, young adult Malaysian population. Methodology: Based on BMI, 185 volunteering participants were grouped as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. Standardized anthropometric and bio-electrical impedance assessment (BIA) measure of adiposity was done using Karada Scanner while plasma leptin was measured using a sandwich ELISA assay technique. Results: A total of 61, 45, 56 and 23 Malaysian Malays, Chinese, Indian and other minor groups, respectively were included in this study. Out of this, 28 were underweight, 100 were normal weight, 29 were overweight and 27 were obese (n=27). One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference among all variables except height and waist-hip ratio. The multiple regression analysis predicted plasma leptin value based on age, weight, height, body age, resting metabolic rate, visceral fat, total body fat, and body mass index in both male (R2=0.54) and females (R2=0.23). The results show that weight, resting metabolic rate, visceral fat and body were reliable predictors for plasma leptin between all the groups. Conclusion: Anthropometric indices can be used as predictors of serum leptin in adults irrespective of their body weight. This observation thus emphasizes the clinical significance of simple non-invasive physical markers for detection of obesity-induced metabolic disorders

Predicting Plasma Leptin With Anthropometric & Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Measures Of Adiposity In A Multiethnic Young Adult Population In Malaysia

Background: Obesity bears multivariate causes and manifestations. Simple anthropometric and non-invasive physical markers are being proposed for easy and early detection of obesity-induced disrupted energy homeostasis and metabolic disorders. Adipose-tissuederived hormone, leptin is largely known for its role in energy homeostasis and paradoxically, higher serum leptin corresponds to higher degree of obesity. Thus, this study aims to investigate the association of plasma leptin with common physical measures of adiposity in a multiethnic, young adult Malaysian population. Methodology: Based on BMI, 185 volunteering participants were grouped as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. Standardized anthropometric and bio-electrical impedance assessment (BIA) measure of adiposity was done using Karada Scanner while plasma leptin was measured using a sandwich ELISA assay technique. Results: A total of 61, 45, 56 and 23 Malaysian Malays, Chinese, Indian and other minor groups, respectively were included in this study. Out of this, 28 were underweight, 100 were normal weight, 29 were overweight and 27 were obese (n=27). One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference among all variables except height and waist-hip ratio. The multiple regression analysis predicted plasma leptin value based on age, weight, height, body age, resting metabolic rate, visceral fat, total body fat, and body mass index in both male (R2 =0.54) and females(R2 =0.23). The results show that weight, resting metabolic rate, visceral fat and body were reliable predictors for plasma leptin between all the groups. Conclusion: Anthropometric indices can be used as predictors of serum leptin in adults irrespective of their body weight. This observation thus emphasizes the clinical significance of simple non-invasive physical markers for detection of obesity-induced metabolic disorders

Corporate social responsibility in hospitals: Need for transparent CSR initiative for internal and external stakeholder

Social Responsibility programs are important tools for policy, and this also applies equally well in the context of the Business System. The business houses other than the healthcare industry have clearly shown in recent times that it is possible to achieve a strategic balance between financial, economic and commercial priorities. The current operation of the commercial hospital relies on the anarchic premises that the healthcare sector operates on the premise that "what is beneficial for patients or culture can not be good for business." At a period when patients are over-exposed to medical treatments, and only those who are well-insured can manage medical treatment, a problem arises, 'is it not necessary for corporate hospitals to pursue CSR initiatives.' A significant corollary issue, which must also be discussed, is whether and why corporate hospitals need to foster CSR initiatives. This paper I undertakes a thorough examination of CSR programs in corporate hospitals in the Indian context, i.e. corporate hospitals and the healthcare sector; (ii) explores the effects of CSR modelling in corporate hospitals in order to strike the right balance between their social and economic objectives

Prevalence and socio-demographic association of depression, anxiety and stress among university students

Prevalence of Stress, anxiety and depression has been identified to be high among university students which may affect their social and professional lives. The study aims at assessing the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression among university students and analyzes their association with gender, ethnicity and area of upbringing. The study also intends to identify their coping strategies. This was a cross sectional study utilizing validated questionnaires. It was conducted among a total of 143 university students in Johar bahru. The questionnaires used were the socio-demographic questionnaire, DAAS-21 questionnaire and Brief coping strategy Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics was used. The mean age of the students under the study was 25.02±8.6 years. Depression was seen in 62.2% of the students and anxiety and stress were seen in 78.3% and 55.9 % students respectively. Depression, anxiety and stress were found more in females than males. Anxiety was more in Malays and depression and stress was more among other ethnic groups. Anxiety and depression were seen more in students with a rural upbringing and stress in students with a urban upbringing. There was no significant association between depression, anxiety, stress and gender, ethnicity and area of upbringing. The mean score for the common coping strategies employed which was acceptance, positive reframing and self distraction were 2.8±0.9, 2.8±1.0, 2.8±1.0 respectively. Prevalence of anxiety was more compared to stress or depression. Students used active coping Strategies to cope with stress