Hamacher Maclaurin symmetric mean aggregation operators and WASPAS method for multiple criteria group decision making under T - spherical fuzzy environment

T-spherical fuzzy sets can accurately represent fuzzy information and effectively simulate real-world decision making scenarios by adjusting the parameter t. The Maclaurin symmetric mean can combine multiple arguments by considering the relationships between them in any decision making process. The main goal of this paper is to develop Maclaurin symmetric mean aggregation operators based on the Hamacher operations of T-spherical fuzzy sets. The developed operators are thoroughly examined through their fundamental properties. The defined operators are adopted to develop a decision making methodology called WASPAS (Weighted Aggregated Sum Product ASsessment) for solving multiple criteria group decision making problems in a T-spherical fuzzy environment. A real-life example of project assessment is illustrated to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed decision making approach. Sensitivity analysis of the parameters is carried out to check their effect on the decision results. A comparison analysis with existing methods confirms the accessibility of the developed approach

Neurosurgery and pregnancy

Pregnant patients rarely present with neurosurgical emergencies, but can cause significant morbidity and mortality to the mother and the foetus. Physiological changes of pregnancy in relevance to neurosurgery, effects of anaesthetic agents on the foetus, common neurosurgical emergencies, and anaesthetic implications both from obstetric and neurosurgical point of view are discussed in this review

Neurosurgery in morbidly obese patients

Obesity has significant impact on various organ systems of the body and thus needs a well-planned anaesthetic management. Obese patients with multiple co morbidities are expected to have more complications than normal individuals. Obesity may influence the risk of aneurysm formation and rupture and/or the outcome of patients who have aneurysmal SAH. Most of the neurosurgeries require different patient positions for adequate exposure of surgical site. Moreover morbidly obese patient means a huge and heavy patient who will require bigger operating table and other accessories and their implications. Confusion regarding the risks and benefits of mechanical and pharmacological prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients for DVT with risks of major and minor haemorrhage still persists. The anesthetic concerns in an obese patient undergoing neurosurgery have not been studied so far. This review aims in discussing obesity in neurosurgical patients