Simultaneous quantification of Curcumin, Piperine and Capsaicin by HPTLC in Rasam, a polyherbal soup

Traditionally rasam is consumed for the treatment of cold and cough. The major chemical constituents present in the spices required to prepare the rasam are known but, the chemical composition of the prepared rasam are unknown. The preparation involves, boiling the spices in water and oil, this may create an opportunity for an altered chemical profile of the prepared rasam. As a part of our chemical investigation in rasam, curcumin, piperine and capsaicin were chosen as marker compounds based on their literature for exhibiting potent activity against upper and lower respiratory tract infections (URTI & LRTI). The current work was planned to identify and quantify curcumin, piperine and capsaicin simultaneously by HPTLC in rasam. Silica gel 60F254 TLC plates were used for the study. The optimized mobile phase used was toluene and ethyl acetate (7:3, v/v) and the densiometric scanning was done at 254 nm. The Rf values of curcumin, piperine and capsaicin were found to be 0.26, 0.40 and 0.47 respectively. The calibration graph of peak area versus concentration graph of curcumin, piperine and capsaicin was found to be linear in the range of 2 to 7 μg spot-1. The amount of curcumin, piperine and capsaicin in 100 mL of rasam was found to be 0.49, 0.66 and 0.41% w/v respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH guideline parameters. The current study shows that the developed TLC method is simple, precise, specific, robust and accurate. This method will also be useful to identify or quantity any polyherbal formulation containing curcumin, piperine and capsaicin as chemical constituents

IN-VITRO CYTOTOXIC AND APOPTOSIS STUDY OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF CLERODENDRUM PHLOMIDIS LEAF ON MCF-7 BREAST AND A-549 LUNG CANCER CELL LINES.

 Objective: Cancer is a molecularly heterogeneous diseaseand the leading cause of death worldwide. The methanol extract of Clerodendrum phlomidis leaf has been reported for cytotoxicity. Hence, the current investigation was planned to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the chemical constituents isolated from the methanol extract of the C. phlomidis leaf against the Michigan cancer foundation-7 (MCF-7) breast cancer and adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) lung cancer cell lines by the apoptotic study.Methods: Cytotoxic activity of the chemical constituents of the methanol extract of the C. phlomidis leaf was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against breast cancer (MCF-7) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines. The MCF-7 and A549 cell lines were tested at different concentrations to determine 50% of growth inhibition (inhibitory concentration [IC50]) by MTT assay. Apoptosis of nuclei was detected by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining assay.Results: In MCF-7 breast cancer cell line study, Compounds 6 and 9 exhibited good cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 83.80 and 75.16 μg/ml, respectively. In A549 lung cancer cell line, again Compounds 6 and 9 exhibited good cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 84.46 and 78.60 μg/ml, respectively. Percentage of apoptosis induced by the Compounds 6 and 9 in the MCF-7 cancer cells was found to be 74.50 and 85.48, respectively.Conclusion: The results of the current study prove that the Compounds 6 and 9 are potential agents for breast and lung cancer. In future research, these potential agents can further be evaluated by animal studies and their mechanism of action apart from the induction of apoptosis of the cancer cells can be determined

A HPTLC method for the quantitative determination of Piperine and Capsaicin in Rasam, A South Indian spice soup

Rasam is a popular spice soup of South Indian traditional food. Rasam is prepared traditionally by incorporating spcies such as turmeric, coriander, black pepper, garlic, chili pepper, curry leaves, cumin, mustard, and asafoetida in tamarind juice. All ingredients used in the preparation of rasam are known for various medicinal uses which, makes rasam a traditional food with a lot of functional ingredients. There are reports to suggests that a regular chronic consumption of traditional foods with functional ingredients may prevent numerous diseases. There was no scientific literature available on the phytochemical composition of rasam. We, herein aim to estimate the quantity of piperine and capsaicin present in the standardized rasam by HPTLC method. Rasam was prepared as per reported method and the sample solution was prepared by extracting rasam with diethyl ether. The mobile phase used was toluene: ethyl acetate (7:3, v/v). Densitometric scanning was performed in absorption-reflection mode at at 527 nm. Linear range was 1 to 5 μg for both piperine and capsaicin. The amount of piperine and capsaicin from the standardized rasam was found to be 0.234 and 0.335 % w/v respectively. This TLC procedure may be used effectively for identity, quality evaluation as well as quantitative determination for piperine and capsaicin in rasam

Antioxidant markers based TLC-DPPH differentiation on four commercialized botanical sources of Shankhpushpi (A Medhya Rasayana): A preliminary assessment

Shankhpushpi is a cognition boosting traditional ayurvedic brain supplement. Convolvulus pluricaulis (Convolvulaceae), Evolvulus alsinoides (Convolvulaceae), Clitoria ternatea (Papilionaceae), and Canscora decussata (Gentianaceae) are botanical claimants of Shankhpushpi. This investigation is to focus the identification of the compound based on biological marker differentiation of four botanical claimants of Shankhpushpi for their antioxidant evaluation on thin layer chromatography (TLC) by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. A rapid TLC-DPPH method was developed to identify and differentiate four botanical claimants of Shankhpushpi in terms of presence of β-carotene, rutin, scopoletin, chlorogenic acid, and mangiferin. C. pluricaulis shows presence of scopoletin; E. alsinoides shows presence of β-carotene, scopoletin, and chlorogenic acid; C. ternatea shows presence of β-carotene, scopoletin, and rutin; and C. decussata shows presence of β-carotene, scopoletin, and mangiferin. The order, they followed, based on their antioxidant potential is β-carotene < mangiferin < rutin < scopoletin < chlorogenic acid. Antioxidants are attributed for their beneficial role in age-related cognition decline. The proposed method provides an edge in terms of identification and quantification of antioxidant constituents in a multi-component system. This method may also provide application for identification of correct plant sources used in the name of Shankhpushpi in marketed ayurvedic formulation, food supplement, and extracts

Antidiabetic and antiplatelet aggregation study of various methanol fractions of Nymphaea stellata Willd. leaves

Introduction: Nymphaea stellata Willd. (Nymphaeaceae) is traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes. Alcohol extract of N. stellata leaves has been reported for hypoglycaemic activity. Objective: The aim of this study was to further investigate the different methanol fractions of N. stellata leaves for anti-diabetic activity and anti-platelet aggregation activity. Methods: Methanol extract was fractioned in to unsaponified petroleum ether fraction of methanol extract (UPFME), chloroform fraction of methanol extract (CFME) and residual fraction of methanol extract (RFME). All fractions were evaluated for in vivo anti-diabetic activity (STZ-NAD-induced rat model), in vitro anti-diabetic activity (PTP1B inhibition study) and anti-platelet aggregation activity. Results: UPFME showed significant changes in all studied parameters, compared to the diabetic control. UPFME also showed an IC50 value of 19.30±1.1 mg/ml and 13.11±0.7 μg/ml in PTP1B inhibition study and anti-platelet aggregation study, respectively. Conclusion: The study indicates that UPFME of N. stellata leaves exhibit anti-diabetic and anti-platelet aggregation activity

A detailed overview on pharmaceutical dosage forms in treatment of acne

Acne vulgaris is a skin condition characterized by an obstruction or inflammation of the oil glands,&nbsp;present&nbsp;on skin's surface, which are collectively termed as pilosebaceous units. The skin on&nbsp;face, back, and upper chest have&nbsp;a greater number of&nbsp;sebaceous follicles. Topical, systemic, or combination therapy can be used to treat acne, while mild and moderate acne are generally treated with&nbsp;topical therapy. Topical acne therapy has&nbsp;direct access to the target site (skin)&nbsp;prior to reaching&nbsp;the blood stream, thereby&nbsp;reducing the systemic adverse effects of delivery of drug via parenteral or oral routes. Oral antibiotics, on the other hand, are a crucial treatment for acne which have not improved with&nbsp;topical treatment and for inflammatory&nbsp;lesions, such as pustules, nodules, and papules. Due to their&nbsp;capability to improve dermal therapeutics by boosting therapeutic efficacy and lowering adverse effects, nanodelivery technologies,&nbsp;developed to address skin delivery difficulties,&nbsp;have been extensively investigated. The goal of this study is to go through the many types of pharmacological dosage forms that are available for the treatment of acne