Design of a hydrogen community for Santa Monica

Hydrogen systems infrastructure development and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) have the potential to replace the gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles thus increasing energy security and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen fueling infrastructure development is critical for the commercialization and consumer acceptability of the FCVs, thus recognizing hydrogen as an affordable transportation fuel. This paper presents the conceptual design of a scalable and reproducible hydrogen fueling station in Santa Monica, California. The various hydrogen production technologies have been evaluated and the usage of renewable energy sources such as biogas and landfill gas has been emphasized. The technical specifications of the hydrogen fueling station components and the transportation of hydrogen fuel have been discussed. Cascade simulations were conducted for different compressor capacities and storage bank configurations. Hydrogen dispensing using the 3-bank cascade configuration has been discussed. Well-to-wheel analysis, comparing the emissions of harmful gases and total energy consumption of conventional gasoline engine vehicles and fuel cell vehicles, has been performed. Early market customers, including material handling vehicles, stationary back-up power and portable power systems have been identified and their daily hydrogen fuel requirements have been computed. This article discusses the safety codes and standards, identifies the significant failure modes and suggests precautionary measures to be taken to mitigate them. The economic impact of employing such hydrogen technologies has been studied --Abstract, page iv

An incomplete contract analysis of multinational enterprises and oil field unitization

This dissertation extends the property rights theory of the firm in two directions by examining, first, the value of information when contracts are incomplete, and secondly, the impact of incomplete contracts on situations characterized by non-excludability of assets and rivalry over the ownership of assets.;The first issue is addressed in the context of the choice between exports and foreign direct investment facing a firm commencing operations in a foreign country. Apart from considering similarities in cost structures and asset specificity of investments as location-specific factors, the view is presented that the ability to gain familiarity with an initially unfamiliar country is location-specific as well. A \u27similarity effect\u27 and a \u27familiarity effect\u27 are identified, and these effects can reinforce or oppose one another; in the latter case, the firm may choose different entry modes depending on the extent of its initial familiarity with the foreign market. From a more theoretical point of view, a somewhat surprising feature of the property rights theory emerges: information may lose value when contracts are incomplete.;The second issue is analyzed in the context of the oil industry. Specifically, two alternative organizational modes for extracting oil from a common pool are considered: competitive extraction and unitization. Competitive extraction results in significant rent dissipation, and unitization is generally viewed as a common property solution to this problem. Yet, a puzzle confronting the oil industry is that firms are often reluctant to voluntarily enter unitization agreements. The fact that unitization contracts are typically incomplete can serve to reconcile the puzzle. While the literature has stressed the role of ex ante bargaining problems in precipitating the failure of unitization agreements, the emphasis here is on demonstrating that the anticipation of ex post bargaining may impose inefficiencies on unitization that compete with the inefficiencies associated with competitive extraction due to the common pool problem. The outcome can be a lower surplus under unitization, which suggests that the general presumption in the literature that unitization is surplus enhancing relative to competitive extraction may not be always be valid

The Edge of the Galactic Disc

As part of a stellar population sampling program, a series of photometric probes at various field sizes and depths have been obtained in a low extinction window in the galactic anticentre direction. Such data set strong constraints on the radial structure of the disc. At the forefront of this "drilling" program, very deep CCD frames probe the most external parts of the disc. Over the whole effective magnitude range (18 to 25), all contributions in the statistics which should be expected from old disc stars beyond 6 kpc vanish, although such stars dominate by far at distances less than 5 kpc. This is the signature of a sharp cut-off in the star density: the edge of the galactic disc between 5.5 and 6 kpc. As a consequence, the galactic radius does not exceed 14 kpc (assuming $R/-/(//sun/)$=8.5). Colours of elliptical galaxies measured in the field rule out the risk of being misled by undetected extinction.Comment: 8 pages, Besancon Observatory preprint n.

Molecular hydrogen from z = 0.0963 DLA towards the QSO J1619+3342

We report the detection of H2 in a zabs= 0.0963 Damped Lyman-{\alpha} (DLA) system towards zem = 0.4716 QSO J1619+3342. This DLA has log N(H I) = 20.55 (0.10), 18.13 < log N(H2) < 18.40, [S/H] = -0.62 (0.13), [Fe/S] = -1.00 (0.17) and the molecular fraction -2.11 < log f(H2) < -1.85. The inferred gas kinetic temperature using the rotational level population is in the range 95 - 132 K. We do not detect C I or C II* absorption from this system. Using R- and V-band deep images we identify a sub-L* galaxy at an impact parameter of 14 kpc from the line of sight, having consistent photometric redshift, as a possible host for the absorber. We use the photoionization code CLOUDY to get the physical conditions in the H2 component using the observational constrains from H2, C I, C II* and Mg I. All the observations can be consistently explained if one or more of the following is true: (i) Carbon is underabundant by more than 0.6 dex as seen in halo stars with Z ~ 0.1 Z_sun, (ii) H I associated with H2 component is less than 50% of the H I measured along the line of sight and (iii) the H2 formation rate on the dust grains is at least a factor two higher than what is typically used in analytic calculations for Milky Way interstellar medium. Even when these are satisfied, the gas kinetic temperature in the models are much lower than what is inferred from the ortho-to-para ratio of the molecular hydrogen. Alternatively the high kinetic temperature could be a consequence of contribution to the gas heating from non-radiative heating processes seen in hydrodynamical simulations.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figues, resubmitted to the MNRAS after minor revision suggested by the refere

Small Farm Goat Production in Semi-Arid Region of Uttar Pradesh

Majority of selected goat farmers were landless and marginal (69%) with an annual average income of Rs.I9200.00. However, average income of small and medium goat farmers were about Rs.25500.00.Ownership pattern of goats revealed that about 78% goats were owned by the landless and marginal farmers. Majority of the farmers had Barbari/Barbari type goats (54%) followed by non-descript (43%) and Sirohi type goats (3%). Furthermore, 69 per cent goat houses were of Kaccha type and 49 per cent of selected respondent availed private veterinary services for their goats however, 40 percent of the goat farmers used home remedies. Merely, 11 per cent of the respondents visited government veterinary hospitals Though, poor socio-economic status cannot be ignore for the goat improvement in study village, some policy support is imperative to encourage goat farmers for their overall development

Investigational Analysis of Security Measures Effectiveness in Cloud Computing: A Study

In the modern era of business operation, the technical adoption of cloud services are high on rise by the large scale to small scale business establishment on various products and services. Needless to say that with the rise of adoption also gives birth to security concerns as cloud runs on common internet which are also used by trillions of internet-users. There are various means by which introducing a malicious program inside the cloud is not that complicated task for attacker. The various services providers as well as past researcher have introduced some of the potential security features which is claimed to be highly effective. However, accomplishing fail-proof security systems in cloud is never witnessed nor reported by any user or researcher, which clearly specifies that security problems do persist and are on exponential rise. Therefore, this paper discusses about the security issues in cloud supported by brief description of standard security models currently available in cloud. With extensive literatures on the existing security solutions, a significant research gap is explored in robust authentication system in cloud services. Keywords-component; Security, Cloud Computing,attacks, security model