Optimization of levulinic acid from lignocellulosic biomass using a new hybrid catalyst

Conversion of glucose, empty fruit bunch (efb) and kenaf to levulinic acid over a new hybrid catalyst has been investigated in this study. The characterization and catalytic performance results revealed that the physico-chemical properties of the new hybrid catalyst comprised of chromium chloride and HY zeolite increased the levulinic acid production from glucose compared to the parent catalysts. Optimization of the glucose conversion process using two level full factorial designs (2 3) with two center points reported 55.2% of levulinic acid yield at 145.2°C, 146.7min and 12.0% of reaction temperature, reaction time and catalyst loading, respectively. Subsequently, the potential of efb and kenaf for producing levulinic acid at the optimum conditions was established after 53.2% and 66.1% of efficiencies were reported. The observation suggests that the hybrid catalyst has a potential to be used in biomass conversion to levulinic acid

Impregnation of magnetic particles on oil palm shell activated carbon for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution

Oil palm shell activated carbon magnetic particle (CAC-MP) was prepared for adsorption of metal ions (Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), surface area and pore analysis (BET, BJH and t-plot method), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize CAC-MP. Its properties were compared with the parent activated carbon (CAC). The CACMP, with a high surface area (1007 m2/g), was used to study metal ions removal at different pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. The removal efficiency of metal ion increased with increasing pH, dosage, and time until equilibrium was reached. The optimum condition for maximum removal efficiency was at pH 6 and absorbent dosage of 0.5 g. Kineti

スギおよびブナリグニンの熱分解機構

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(エネルギー科学)甲第16181号エネ博第232号新制||エネ||50(附属図書館)28760京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻(主査)教授 坂 志朗, 教授 髙野 俊幸, 准教授 河本 晴雄学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Energy ScienceKyoto UniversityDA

Activated carbon cryogel as a potential adsorbent for removal of aspirin

Pharmaceutical substances are urged to be removed from wastewater as the pollutants bring adverse effects to both humans and the environment. Among the pharmaceutical substances, aspirin is selected as the targeted pharmaceutical waste due to its extremely high consumption. Aspirin is widely used in the world and is produced about 35,000 t/y. Carbon cryogel was chosen as the potential adsorbent to remove aspirin from wastewater, and it was synthesized from urea and furfural before activation with H3PO4. The effects of experimental parameters on aspirin adsorption such as pH, contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature were investigated. A maximum of 30 % of percentage removal and 30 mg/g of adsorption capacity were achieved at an initial concentration of 60 mg/L, pH 6, and 0.05 g of adsorbent at room temperature after 45 min of contact time. The activated carbon cryogel synthesized in this study is useful for application in wastewater treatment and sanitation of water