9,522 research outputs found
Constant-Envelope Precoding with Time-Variation Constraint on the Transmitted Phase Angles
We consider downlink precoding in a frequency-selective multi-user massive
MIMO system with highly efficient but non-linear power amplifiers at the base
station (BS). A low-complexity precoding algorithm is proposed, which generates
constant-envelope (CE) transmit signals for each BS antenna. To avoid large
variations in the phase angle transmitted from each antenna, the difference of
the phase angles transmitted in consecutive channel uses is limited to
for a fixed . To achieve a
desired per-user information rate, the extra total transmit power required
under the time variation constraint when compared to the special case of no
time variation constraint (i.e., ), is small for many practical
values of . In a i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channel with BS antennas,
single-antenna users and a desired per-user information rate of
bit-per-channel-use, the extra total transmit power required is less than
dB when .Comment: Submitted to IEEE Wireless Communication Letter
Constant Envelope Pilot-Based Low-Complexity CFO Estimation in Massive MU-MIMO Systems
In this paper we consider a constant envelope pilot signal based carrier
frequency offset (CFO) estimation in massive multiple-input multiple-output
(MIMO) systems. The proposed algorithm performs spatial averaging on the
periodogram of the received pilots across the base station (BS) antennas. Our
study reveals that the proposed algorithm has complexity only linear in
(the number of BS antennas). Further our analysis and numerical simulations
also reveal that with fixed number of users and a fixed pilot length, the
minimum required transmit pilot power decreases as with
increasing , while maintaining a fixed desired mean squared error (MSE) of
CFO estimation.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Globecom 2016 Conferenc
Energy-Spectral Efficiency Trade-off for a Massive SU-MIMO System with Transceiver Power Consumption
We consider a single user (SU) massive MIMO system with multiple antennas at
the transmitter (base station) and a single antenna at the user terminal (UT).
Taking transceiver power consumption into consideration, for a given spectral
efficiency (SE) we maximize the energy efficiency (EE) as a function of the
number of base station (BS) antennas , resulting in a closed-form expression
for the optimal SE-EE trade-off. It is observed that in contrast to the
classical SE-EE trade-off (which considers only the radiated power), with
transceiver power consumption taken into account, the EE increases with
increasing SE when SE is sufficiently small. Further, for a fixed SE we analyze
the impact of varying cell size (i.e., equivalently average channel gain )
on the optimal EE. We show the interesting result that for sufficiently small
, the optimal EE decreases as with decreasing
. Our analysis also reveals that for sufficiently small SE (or large
), the EE is insensitive to the power amplifier efficiency.Comment: Submitted to IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)
201
Impact of Frequency Selectivity on the Information Rate Performance of CFO Impaired Single-Carrier Massive MU-MIMO Uplink
In this paper, we study the impact of frequency-selectivity on the gap
between the required per-user transmit power in the residual CFO scenario (i.e.
after CFO estimation/compensation at the base-station (BS) from [6]) and that
in the ideal/zero CFO scenario, for a fixed per-user information rate, in
single-carrier massive MU-MIMO uplink systems with the TR-MRC receiver.
Information theoretic analysis reveals that this gap decreases with increasing
frequency-selectivity of the channel. Also, in the residual CFO scenario, an
array gain is still achievable ( is the number of BS
antennas) in frequency-selective channels with imperfect channel estimates.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Wireless Communications Letter
Information Rate Performance of Massive MU-MIMO Uplink with Constant Envelope Pilot-based Frequency Synchronization
In this paper, we consider a constant envelope (CE) pilot-based
low-complexity technique for frequency synchronization in multi-user massive
MIMO systems. Study of the complexity-performance trade-off shows that this
CE-pilot-based technique provides better MSE performance when compared to
existing low-complexity high-PAPR pilot-based CFO (carrier frequency offset)
estimator. Numerical study of the information rate performance of the TR-MRC
receiver in imperfect CSI scenario with this CE-pilot based CFO estimator shows
that it is more energy-and-spectrally efficient than existing low-complexity
CFO estimator in massive MIMO systems. It is also observed that with this
CE-pilot based CFO estimation, an array gain is
achievable.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Wireless Communication Letter
Ethical Aspects of Internet of Things from Islamic Perspective
The Internet of Things (IoTs) is an evolving new face of technology that
provides state of the art services using ubiquitously connected smart objects.
These smart objects are capable of sensing, processing, collaborating,
communicating the events and provide services. The IoT is a collection of
heterogeneous technologies like Sensor, RFID, Communication and nanotechnology.
These technologies enable smart objects to identify objects, collect
information about their status,communicating the collected information for
taking some desired actions. Widespread adaptations of IoT based devices and
services raised the ethical challenges for their users. In this paper we
highlight ethical challenges raised by IoT and discuss the solutions and
methods for encouraging people to properly use these technologies according to
Islamic teachings.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 9th IEEE-GCC Conference & Exhibition - 201
Visual Affordance and Function Understanding: A Survey
Nowadays, robots are dominating the manufacturing, entertainment and
healthcare industries. Robot vision aims to equip robots with the ability to
discover information, understand it and interact with the environment. These
capabilities require an agent to effectively understand object affordances and
functionalities in complex visual domains. In this literature survey, we first
focus on Visual affordances and summarize the state of the art as well as open
problems and research gaps. Specifically, we discuss sub-problems such as
affordance detection, categorization, segmentation and high-level reasoning.
Furthermore, we cover functional scene understanding and the prevalent
functional descriptors used in the literature. The survey also provides
necessary background to the problem, sheds light on its significance and
highlights the existing challenges for affordance and functionality learning.Comment: 26 pages, 22 image
Algorithms and Identities for Bzier curves via Post Quantum Blossom
In this paper, a new analogue of blossom based on post quantum calculus is
introduced. The post quantum blossom has been adapted for developing identities
and algorithms for Bernstein bases and Bzier curves. By applying the
post quantum blossom, various new identities and formulae expressing the
monomials in terms of the post quantun Bernstein basis functions and a post
quantun variant of Marsden's identity are investigated. For each post quantum
Bzier curves of degree a collection of new, affine
invariant, recursive evaluation algorithms are derived.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures, name of two more authors who contributed in
revised form added, slight change in title of the pape
Improving the Performance of the Zero-Forcing Multiuser MISO Downlink Precoder through User Grouping
We consider the Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) Gaussian Broadcast
channel with antennas at the base station (BS) and single-antenna
users in the downlink. We propose a novel user grouping precoder which improves
the sum rate performance of the Zero-Forcing (ZF) precoder specially when the
channel is ill-conditioned. The proposed precoder partitions all the users into
small groups of equal size. Downlink beamforming is then done in such a way
that, at each user's receiver the interference from the signal intended for
users not in its group is nulled out. Intra-group interference still remains,
and is cancelled through successive interference pre-subtraction at the BS
using Dirty Paper Coding (DPC). The proposed user grouping method is different
from user selection, since it is a method for precoding of information to the
selected (scheduled) users, and not for selecting which users are to be
scheduled. Through analysis and simulations, the proposed user grouping based
precoder is shown to achieve significant improvement in the achievable sum rate
when compared to the ZF precoder. When users are paired (i.e., each group has
two users), the complexity of the proposed precoder is which is the same as that of the ZF precoder.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication
Constant-Envelope Multi-User Precoding for Frequency-Selective Massive MIMO Systems
We consider downlink precoding in a frequency-selective multi-user Massive
MIMO system with highly efficient but non-linear power amplifiers at the base
station (BS). A low-complexity precoding algorithm is proposed, which generates
constant-envelope (CE) signals at each BS antenna. To achieve a desired
per-user information rate, the extra total transmit power required under the
per-antenna CE constraint when compared to the commonly used less stringent
total average transmit power constraint, is small.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Wireless Communications Letter
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