Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the proximal left anterior descending artery and a single coronary artery anomaly: Three case reports

AbstractThe anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (RCA) as a branch of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery is a very rare variation of single coronary artery. We have reported three cases in the last 10years. Among 15,000 coronary angiograms, at least 40 cases have been described previously in the literature. The vast majority of previous reports have described a single anomalous vessel with its origin after the first septal perforator of the LAD. Two of our patients presented with acute coronary syndrome and were found to have three vessel disease and left main. They underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) and third case presented with tachycardia had only mild coronary artery disease (CAD) and was treated medically

Left Main Coronary Artery Revascularization in Patients with Impaired Renal Function: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Introduction: The evidence about the optimal revascularization strategy in patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease and impaired renal function is limited. Thus, we aimed to compare the outcomes of LMCA disease revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI] vs. coronary artery bypass grafting [CABG]) in patients with and without impaired renal function. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 2,138 patients recruited from 14 centers between 2015 and 2,019. We compared patients with impaired renal function who had PCI (n= 316) to those who had CABG (n = 121) and compared patients with normal renal function who had PCI (n = 906) to those who had CABG (n = 795). The study outcomes were in-hospital and follow-up major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of in-hospital MACCE was significantly higher in CABG compared to PCI in patients with impaired renal function (odds ratio [OR]: 8.13 [95% CI: 4.19–15.76], p < 0.001) and normal renal function (OR: 2.59 [95% CI: 1.79–3.73]; p < 0.001). There were no differences in follow-up MACCE between CABG and PCI in patients with impaired renal function (HR: 1.14 [95% CI: 0.71–1.81], p = 0.585) and normal renal function (HR: 1.12 [0.90–1.39], p = 0.312). Conclusions: PCI could have an advantage over CABG in revascularization of LMCA disease in patients with impaired renal function regarding in-hospital MACCE. The follow-up MACCE was comparable between PCI and CABG in patients with impaired and normal renal function

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on TAVR Activity: A Worldwide Registry

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a considerable impact on the provision of structural heart intervention worldwide. Our objectives were: 1) to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) activity globally; and 2) to determine the differences in the impact according to geographic region and the demographic, development, and economic status of diverse international health care systems. Methods: We developed a multinational registry of global TAVR activity and invited individual TAVR sites to submit TAVR implant data before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the number of TAVR procedures performed monthly from January 2019 to December 2021 was collected. The adaptive measures to maintain TAVR activity by each site were recorded, as was a variety of indices relating to type of health care system and national economic indices. The primary subject of interest was the impact on TAVR activity during each of the pandemic waves (2020 and 2021) compared with the same period pre–COVID-19 (2019). Results: Data were received from 130 centers from 61 countries, with 14 subcontinents and 5 continents participating in the study. Overall, TAVR activity increased by 16.7% (2,337 procedures) between 2018 and 2019 (ie, before the pandemic), but between 2019 and 2020 (ie, first year of the pandemic), there was no significant growth (–0.1%; –10 procedures). In contrast, activity again increased by 18.9% (3,085 procedures) between 2020 and 2021 (ie, second year of the pandemic). During the first pandemic wave, there was a reduction of 18.9% (945 procedures) in TAVR activity among participating sites, while during the second and third waves, there was an increase of 6.7% (489 procedures) and 15.9% (1,042 procedures), respectively. Further analysis and results of this study are ongoing and will be available at the time of the congress. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic initially led to a reduction in the number of patients undergoing TAVR worldwide, although health care systems subsequently adapted, and the number of TAVR recipients continued to grow in subsequent COVID-19 pandemic waves. Categories: STRUCTURAL: Valvular Disease: Aorti

Cardioprotective effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade with candesartan after reperfused myocardial infarction: role of angiotensin II type 2 receptor

To determine whether angiotensin II (Ang II) type 2 (AT2)-receptor activation associated with cardioprotection induced by Ang II type 1 (AT1)-receptor blockade during ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) might be reflected in increased AT 2-receptor, IP3-(1,4,5- inositol trisphosphate type 2) receptor and PKC-ε (protein kinase C-ε) proteins and tissue cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), we measured in vivo left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function and remodelling (echocardiogram/Doppler) and haemodynamics, and ex vivo infarct size, AT1-/AT 2receptor, IP3-receptor and PKC-ε proteins (immunoblots) and cGMP (enzyme immunoassay) in dogs with reperfused anterior acute myocardial infarction (MI) (90-minute ischaemia, 120-minute reperfusion). Compared with controls (C, n=6) in vivo, candesartan (1 mg/kg i.v. over 30-minute pre-ischaemia, n=6) effectively inhibited the Ang II pressor response (Δ%, -14±22% vs. -80±11, p<0.003) and decreased preload (122±35 vs. -2±16%, p<0.01), improved LV systolic ejection fraction (-29±4 vs. -11±5, p<0.03) and diastolic function (E/A ratio, -25±7 vs. 33±13, p<0.004), decreased the extent of LV asynergy (26±20 vs. -31±10% LV, p<0.05) and limited acute LV remodelling (expansion index 19±6 vs. -3±5, p<0.05; thinning ratio -22±2 vs. -4±2, p<0.0003). Ex vivo, candesartan decreased infarct size (55±2 vs. 27±2% risk, p<0.001) and increased infarct zone (IZ) AT2 -receptor protein by 8-fold (but not AT1-receptor protein), IP3-receptor protein by 12-fold, PKC-ε protein by 5-fold and cGMP by 40%. Cardioprotective effects of AT1-receptor blockade on acute IR injury, LV function, and remodelling may also involve AT 2-receptor activation and downstream signalling via IP3-receptor, PKC-ε and cGMP

Intracoronary reopro during percutaneous coronary intervention in acute and stable patient can influence stent thrombosis formation (IRPASST) study

Background: In patients with acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina undergoing coronary angioplasty, abciximab reduces major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Most clinical trials have studied mainly intravenous administration. Intracoronary (IC) bolus application of abciximab causes very high local drug concentrations and may be more effective in reducing acute and sub-acute stent thrombosis (ST). We studied whether IC bolus administration of abciximab is associated with a reduced ST and target vessels revascularization (TVR); therefore, less MACE rate compared with the standard intravenous IV bolus and infusion application. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center observational study conducted between June 2007 and 2009. We studied a total of 447 patients admitted with either acute coronary intervention (PCI) and stenting. Patients with bleeding disorder, recent major surgery and high blood pressure were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 199) patient received IC bolus of abciximab (reopro) 0.25 μg/kg during the PCI in cath lab. Group II (n = 248) received the standard dose of reopro-a bolus intravenous 0.25 μg/kg and maintenance dose of 0.125 μg/kg over 12 h. Results: There were no differences between the groups with regard to diabetes mellitus, group I (56%) vs. group II (58%), P = 0.613; ACS, group I (38%) vs. group II (44%), P = 0.175; Dietthylstilbestrol Drug eluted stent (DES) in group I (66.5%) vs. (57.6%) group II, P = 0.056; Bare Metal Stent (BMS) in group I (33%) vs. (40.7%) group II, P=0.093; target vessel revascularization (TRV) was seen in 9 patients (4%) in group I vs. 16 patients (6%) in group II. ST elevation was seen in 4 patients (2%) in group I vs. 7 patients (2.8%) in group II, all presented with STEMI. Conclusion: In this study, there was a trend toward less ST and TVR in patients who received IC reopro vs. intravenous route both in ACS and stable CAD. The percentage of DM was high in both groups (56%), especially in Saudi patients. In-stent restenosis (ISR) was less in group I than in group II, this was mainly associated with BMS usage. The percentage of BMS was more than 30% in both groups, either due to STEMI cases or large vessel size. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to further assess IC application of abciximab in reducing ST