Laser Vaporization of Mouth Lesions, an Overview

Lasers are utilized in dentistry as a therapeutic tool or as an auxiliary tool. The major purpose of employing lasers in dentistry is to overcome the difficulties that are currently observed in traditional dental treatment treatments. The laser is used in hard tissue applications such as caries prevention, bleaching, restorative removal and curing, cavity preparation, dentinal hypersensitivity, growth modulation, and diagnostics, whereas soft tissue applications include wound healing, removal of hyperplastic tissue to uncover impacted or partially erupted teeth, photodynamic therapy for malignancies, and photo-stimulation of herpetic lesions. Lasers' capacity to perform minimally invasive operations with minimum patient discomfort has proven effective in the patient delivery system in dentistry practice. The availability of lasers with various wavelengths has produced a surgical panacea, and laser technology has replaced traditional surgical techniques in many oral surgical operations

Septic Arthritis, Early Recognition and Responsibility of Family and Medical Physicians, Nurses and Radiology Team

When infectious arthritis is diagnosed and treated as soon as possible, it can help prevent major morbidity and mortality of the condition. When monoarticular joint pain, erythema, fever, and immobility all appear suddenly, it is reasonable to suspect that the patient is suffering from sepsis. On the other hand, constitutional signs including fever, chills, and rigors are not very sensitive to the presence of septic arthritis. The purpose of this study is to address the importance that medical treatment and early recognition play in the diagnosis and treatment of septic arthritis, as well as the significant function that family and medicine physicians, nursing, and radiological assessment play in the process. Antibiotic treatment administered early has been shown to greatly enhance the prognosis in high-income settings; but, if treatment is delayed, the patient\u27s ability to recover without complications is hindered. Symptomatic osteoarthritis and avascular necrosis of the femoral head are two examples of complications that often develop gradually over time

Glutaric aciduria type 1: a review of phenotypic and genetic characteristics

Glutaric aciduria type I (GA1) is an inherited metabolic disorder in which excessive levels of the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan accumulate in the body as a result of defective glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) enzyme activity. Excessive metabolites are toxic that can cause damage to the brain, particularly due to the occurrence of basal ganglia and intellectual disability. Missense, splicing, and other deletion mutations in GCDH gene lead to the deficiency of the enzyme activity and are known to cause GA1. The severity of GA1 along with its neurological manifestations and clinical outcome is dependent upon the age at onset and therefore, early definitive diagnosis of GA1 becomes essential. GA1 occurs in approximately 1 of every 30,000-40,000 individuals worldwide that may reach up to 1 in 300 newborn babies in the Amish and Canadian communities. Owing to very high consanguinity rates in Saudi Arabia, it is presumed to be much more common in the Kingdom and is one of the initial disorders that were included in the country's neonatal screening program. In the current study, we have reviewed clinical manifestations, diagnosis, updated management, and mutation spectrum in GA1 with an example of one of our patients with GA1, and highlighted the importance of multipara-metric strategy in the early diagnosis and management of the disease. [JBCGenetics 2019; 2(1.000): 40-53

NTRK2-Related Obesity, Hyperphagia, and Developmental Delay: Case Report

Background: NTRK2 is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epilepsy and developmental delay. Neurodevelopmental disorders and obesity are linked to various inherited disorders and are often missed or diagnosed late. Our aim was to review Obesity,hyperphagia,and developmental delay (OBHD) which it overlaps with a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders with obesity. Also, variable expressivity can mislead the diagnosis, especially if there is a parent with a similar phenotype but a milder presentation. Case presentation: A 8 -year-old girl presented with 6-year history of increase wight. On Neurodevelopmental examination, she found to have a speech delay and autistic features. Parents deny sphincter dysfunction and cognitive delay. Family history was negative for members with a similar presentation. Genetic testing identified a novel mutation in NTKR2 gene. Parents were examined and underwent segregation analysis which came back negative, so it is de novo. Conclusion: Obesity and neurodevelopmental delay are features that are seen in a wide range of inherited disorders, either chromosomal or single-gene disorders. Here we highlight the importance of thorough history, examination, and the application of genetic testing sooner than later to avoid delaying the diagnosis and report a possible novel variant in the NTRK2 gene. Functional studies would be our next step. [JBCGenetics 2022; 5(2.000): 48-52

Liver Metabolomics and Inflammatory Profiles in Mouse Model of Fentanyl Overdose Treated with Beta-Lactams

Fentanyl is a highly potent opioid analgesic that is approved medically to treat acute and chronic pain. There is a high potential for overdose-induced organ toxicities, including liver toxicity, and this might be due to the increase of recreational use of opioids. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of beta-lactams in modulating the expression of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in different body organs, including the liver. The upregulation of GLT-1 by beta-lactams is associated with the attenuation of hyperglutamatergic state, which is a characteristic feature of opioid use disorders. A novel experimental beta-lactam compound with no antimicrobial properties, MC-100093, has been developed to attenuate dysregulation of glutamate transport, in part by normalizing GLT-1 expression. A previous study showed that MC-100093 modulated hepatic GLT-1 expression with subsequent attenuation of alcohol-increased fat droplet content in the liver. In this study, we investigated the effects of fentanyl overdose on liver metabolites, and determined the effects of MC-100093 and ceftriaxone in the liver of a fentanyl overdose mouse model. Liver samples from control, fentanyl overdose, and fentanyl overdose ceftriaxone- or MC-100093-treated mice were analyzed for metabolomics using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Heatmap analysis revealed that both MC-100093 and ceftriaxone attenuated the effects of fentanyl overdose on several metabolites, and MC-100093 showed superior effects. Statistical analysis showed that MC-100093 reversed the effects of fentanyl overdose in some metabolites. Moreover, enrichment analysis revealed that the altered metabolites were strongly linked to the glucose-alanine cycle, the Warburg effect, gluconeogenesis, glutamate metabolism, lactose degradation, and ketone body metabolism. The changes in liver metabolites induced by fentanyl overdose were associated with liver inflammation, an effect attenuated with ceftriaxone pre-treatments. Ceftriaxone normalized fentanyl-overdose-induced changes in liver interleukin-6 and cytochrome CYP3A11 (mouse homolog of human CYP3A4) expression. Our data indicate that fentanyl overdose impaired liver metabolites, and MC-100093 restored certain metabolites

Arabic translation, cross cultural adaptation, and validation of Foot Health Status Questionnaire among Saudi individuals with plantar fasciitis

Abstract Background Measuring quality of life (QoL) plays an essential role in enabling meaningful cross-cultural comparisons. The Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) is a valid tool for assessing both foot-specific and general health-related quality of life (HrQoL), making it suitable for evaluating Plantar Fasciitis (PF) patients. Methodology The aim of this study is to translate the FHSQ into Arabic following methodological assessments of the translation procedure. The translation was done using forward and back translation. A pre-test questionnaire was distributed among 50 patients, resulting in the final FHSQ-Ar version, which then underwent various psychometric evaluations among 87 persons with PF, including internal consistency, dimensionality, reliability, interpretability, and construct validity against the 100-mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results Internal consistency was adequate, ranging from 0.70 to 0.92. Reliability values ranged from 0.69 to 0.80, with a poor standard error of measurement (individual) but an acceptable standard error of measurement (group). Two domains exhibited floor effects, while one domain showed a ceiling effect. Regarding validity, three out of four hypothesized correlations with VAS scores were confirmed. Factor analysis revealed four dimensions, and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good fit (comparative fit index = 0.98, standardized root mean square = 0.06). Conclusion The psychometric properties of the FHSQ-Ar were satisfactory. Further validation for other diseases may be warranted

Green synthesis of ZnO-NPs using endophytic fungal extract of Xylaria arbuscula from Blumea axillaris and its biological applications

AbstractThe biogenic manufacture of nanoparticles utilising endophytic fungus is an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and secure alternative to constructing chemical methods. The prime focus of the study was to fabricate ZnONPs using the biomass filtrate of endophytic Xylaria arbuscula isolated from Blumea axillaris Linn. and to evaluate their biological properties. The characterisation of the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs was done utilising both spectroscopic and microscopic methods. The bioinspired NPs showed a surface plasmon peak at 370 nm; SEM and TEM micrographs illustrated the hexagonal organisation; XRD spectra proved the crystalline phase as hexagonal wurtzite; EDX analysis confirmed the presence of zinc and oxygen atoms; and the zeta potential analysis proved the stability of ZnONPs. In addition, they also demonstrated significant concentration-dependent inhibition of antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic potential in comparison with the reference drugs. In vitro cytotoxicity and wound healing potential of ZnONPs were examined in L929 cell lines, illustrating that they accelerated the wound healing process by roughly 95.37 ± 1.12% after a 24-h exposure to ZnONPs. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnONPs was examined by degrading the methylene blue dye under solar irradiation. In conclusion, our outcomes showed that mycosynthesized ZnONPs possessed potent bioactivity and could be an excellent choice for biomedical applications

DNA-barcoding and Species Identification for Some Saudi Arabia Seaweeds using rbcL Gene

Among the different biological sources, seaweeds have lot of biotechnological applications. Saudi Arabia is bounded by three bodies of water. With a coastal border of almost 1,800 km. This area high species richness caused by its complex geological history has encompassed genetic and morphological diversity studies for decades. The DNA-barcoding using rbcL gene has proved its usefulness in studying seaweeds phylogenetic diversity, multiple cryptic introductions, environmental modulation the geographical distribution and species identification in different seaweed species. Eight algae samples were collected from different locations in Saudi Arabia. The rbcL gene was used through PCR protocol for species identification. A total number of 8 sequences were obtained with a total sequence length of 5263 bp. where it ranged from 610 to 753 with an average length of 658 bp. The species identification revealed that the specimens samples 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 belongs to Padina pavonica, Turbinaria gracilis, Carpomitra costata, Pterocladiella capillacea, Cladostephus spongiosus, Ulva lactuca, Sporochnus comosus and Sargassum muticum respectively. The rbcL-based DNA bar-coding was almost successful to identify different seaweeds specimens according to species and genus. Some specimens rbcL was not adequate to identify genus level and failed to differentiate between highly similar species. We suggest to use more DNA barcoding techniques in addition to rbcL to ad more resolution to the species identification

Venetoclax Induces Cardiotoxicity through Modulation of Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Cardiac Inflammation and Apoptosis via NF-κB and BCL-2 Pathway

Cardiovascular damage induced by anticancer therapy has become the main health problem after tumor elimination. Venetoclax (VTX) is a promising novel agent that has been proven to have a high efficacy in multiple hematological diseases, especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Considering its mechanism of action, the possibility that VTX may cause cardiotoxicity cannot be ruled out. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the toxic effect of VTX on the heart. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, low-dose VTX (50 mg/kg via oral gavage), and high-dose VTX (100 mg/kg via oral gavage). After 21 days, blood and tissue samples were collected for histopathological, biochemical, gene, and protein analyses. We demonstrated that VTX treatment resulted in cardiac damages as evidenced by major changes in histopathology and markedly elevated cardiac enzymes and hypertrophic genes markers. Moreover, we observed a drastic increase in oxidative stress, as well as inflammatory and apoptotic markers, with a remarkable decline in the levels of Bcl-2. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the cardiotoxic effect of VTX. Further experiments and future studies are strongly needed to comprehensively understand the cardiotoxic effect of VTX