Spectroscopic studies of AFP, Anti AFP antibody and AFP/125I- anti AFP antibody complex.

The aim of this work is to characterize spectrophotometrically the isolated Alpha fetoprotein from human colorectal tumor homogenates and the molecules of both AFP antibody and the complex of AFP/anti AFP antibody.Gel filtration technique was used to separate 125I-anti AFP antibody bound to human AFP from unbound (free) 125I-anti AFP antibody. The characterization of human-AFP, anti-AFP, and (AFP/Anti-AFP) complex were carried out through the ultraviolet (U.V) spectroscopic studies.Factors affecting the light absorption properties of the molecules under investigation in this work such as pH, solvent polarity (solvent perturbation technique), spectrophotometric pH titration and thermal stability have been studied.The spectrophotometric pH titration for h-AFP, anti AFP, and (AFP/anti-AFP) complex showed that pKa for tyrosine was 9.5, 10.2, and 9.9, while for histidine was 5.7, 6.0, and 5.9 respectively. Spectrophotometric pH titration and several spectral changes were obtained in the presence of different polar and non-polar solvents, like the alteration of max position and intensities of protein spectrum, and the appearance of new chromophores on the surface of protein molecule. These chromophores where embedded in an interior region of the protein in the absence of the solvent.The difference in pH and polarity of the solvents is very important thing to characterize the protein molecules spectrophotometrially because they change the positions and values of molecules λmax in the UV region

Estimation of vitamin C human protective dose for acetaminophen toxicity, using acute animal toxicity study

Acetaminophen (APAP) is the main cause of fulminant hepatic failure. Vitamin C is a natural antioxidant with protective potentials against APAP toxic damage. In this animal study, and after an LD50 determination and selection of suitable lethal dose, the investigation was done to select a proper protective dose of vitamin C against lethal APAP dose. All 6 animal groups received a lethal dose of APAP (3250 mg/kg), group II, III and IV received 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg vitamin C respectively, group V received 1200 mg/kg N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), and group VI receive 1000 mg/kg vitamin C and 1200 mg/kg NAC. Mortality was recorded and liver histopathology was carried out. The results showed, the mortality rate in the group I was 68.75% and 37.5%, 31.25% in group II and III respectively, while group IV Showed a higher mortality rate and in group V and VI it was 25%. There was also a gradual reduction in the grade of histopathological damage in all groups, ranging from 2.4 ± 0.55 in group I to 0.4 ± 0.55 in group V and VI. In conclusion, vitamin C showed an increasing reduction in mortality and more histopathological protection, and it was more significant at 1000 mg/kg. NAC adds no more protection or reduction in mortality. The estimated protective dose of vitamin C was 700 to1127 mg for each gram of APAP. Incorporation of this dose of vitamin C with APAP preparations may be considered as a promising method for reducing mortality or severity of APAP intoxication

Effect of Nano ZnO on the Optical Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride) Films

Optical properties of pure and doped poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films, prepared by using casting technique, with different nanosize zinc oxide (ZnO) concentrations (1–20) wt% have been studied. Parameters such as extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts, Urbach energy, optical conductivity, infinitely high frequency dielectric constant, and average refractive index were studied by using the absorbance and transmittance measurement from computerized UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1601 PC) in the spectral range 200–800 nm. This study reveals that the optical properties of PVC are affected by the doping of ZnO where the absorption increases and transmission decreases as ZnO concentration increases. The extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts, infinitely high frequency dielectric constant, and average refractive index values were found to increase with increasing impurity percentage. The Urbach energy values are found to be decreasing with increasing ZnO concentration. The optical conductivity increased with photon energy after being doped and with the increase of ZnO concentration

Effect of Nano ZnO on the Optical Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride) Films

Optical properties of pure and doped poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films, prepared by using casting technique, with different nanosize zinc oxide (ZnO) concentrations (1-20) wt% have been studied. Parameters such as extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts, Urbach energy, optical conductivity, infinitely high frequency dielectric constant, and average refractive index were studied by using the absorbance and transmittance measurement from computerized UV-visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1601 PC) in the spectral range 200-800 nm. This study reveals that the optical properties of PVC are affected by the doping of ZnO where the absorption increases and transmission decreases as ZnO concentration increases. The extinction coefficient, refractive index, real and imaginary parts, infinitely high frequency dielectric constant, and average refractive index values were found to increase with increasing impurity percentage. The Urbach energy values are found to be decreasing with increasing ZnO concentration. The optical conductivity increased with photon energy after being doped and with the increase of ZnO concentration