Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of pantoprazole loaded pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles

The pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles are very efficient delivery systems for acid labile drugs. The main aim of the study was to formulate pantoprazole loaded pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles using pH-sensitive polymers to prevent degradation of acid labile drug and evaluate the effect of formation conditions on both nanoparticles characteristics and drug release patterns. Pantoprazole loaded nanoparticles were prepared using nanopercipitation method using pH-sensitive polymers Eudragit S100 or HPMC phthalate HP55. Nanoparticles were characterized for their micromeritic and crystallographic properties, drug content, in-vitro release and the ability to delay pantoprazole release in acidic medium to prevent its degradation. Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, including particle size, loading capacity (LC), encapsulation efficiency (EE) and in-vitro drug release were significantly affected by formulation conditions. All formulas showed sub micronized size ranging from 299.3 ± 4.62 to 639.7 ± 9.71 nm and achieved delayed release to protect pantoprazole from degradation with different degrees, but generally Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate HP55 loaded nanoparticles showed slower drug release than that of Eudragit S100 loaded nanoparticles. Release kinetics and morphological properties of nanoparticles with most delayed release pattern were investigated by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Compatibility between pantoprazole and polymer was proved by Fourier Transmission Infra Red (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC). The formula stability was evaluated by measuring zeta potential value. Our results suggested that nanoprecipitation method is effective to produce pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles, which can be used as a delivery system for acid labile drug (Pantoprazole) to avoid its degradation in acidic medium of the stomach

Case study on thermal impact of novel corrosion inhibitor on mild steel

Just a few investigations have studied the function of various temperatures in distribution system mild steel corrosion. Generally, increasing temperatures caused the accelerated corrosion of mild steel. In addition, the average of chemical processes were increased as the temperatures were increased regarding to Arrhenius' Law. The synthesis and characterization of a novel organic corrosion inhibitor 4-(((5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) imino) methyl) phenol, for mild steel in hydrochloric acid was successfully reported for the first time. This inhibitor is tested as corrosion inhibitor on a mild steel sample MS in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution using Potentio-dynamics (PD) and Electrochemical Frequency Modulation (EFM) method. The results obtained indicate that inhibitor acts as an excellent corrosion inhibitor for mild steel sample in HCl solution with efficiency above 90%. Changes in the results parameters suggested adsorption on the surface of mild steel sample, which it leading to the formation of protective coating layer. However, this protective layer becomes weak when the temperature of the solution increases. Keywords: 4-(((5-Ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) imino) methyl) phenol, Mild steel, Corrosion inhibitor, Potentio-dynamics (PD

Development of new corrosion inhibitor tested on mild steel supported by electrochemical study

Mild steel is a metal which is commonly used in industrials and manufacturing of equipment for most industries round the world. It is cheaper cost compared with the other metals and its durable, hard and easy-to-wear physical properties make it a major choice in the manufacture of equipment parts. The main problem through the uses of mild steel in industry is its resistance against corrosion, especially in acidic solutions. This case led to raise the cost of maintenance of equipment that used mild steel and as a result increased costs for the company. Organic corrosive inhibitors that also act as green chemicals, 4-hydroxybenzylideneaminomethyl-5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol have been synthesized. This inhibitor is tested as corrosion inhibitor on a mild steel sample MS in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution (HCl) using electrochemical measurements test includes PD (Potentiodynamic), EIS (Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), OCP (Open circuit potential) and EFM (electrochemical frequency modulation). The obtained results indicate that 4-hydroxybenzylideneaminomethyl-5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol acts as a good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel sample in HCl solution with efficiency above 90%. Changes in the impedance parameters postulated adsorption on the mild steel specimens' surfaces of, which it going to the formation of protective coating layer. It also shows that 4-hydroxybenzylideneaminomethyl-5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol corrosion inhibitors are effective in helping to reduce and slow down the corrosion process that occurs on mild steel surface in hydrochloric acid solution. Increase of corrosion inhibitor concentration provides a protective layer of mild steel. However, this protective layer becomes weak when the temperature of the solution increases. Keywords: Hydroxybenzylideneaminomethy, Potentiodynamic, Electrochemical frequency modulation, Impedanc