تعدد الأوصياء على المولى عليهم في القانون المدني الكويـتي - دراسة فقهية تحليلية مقارنة بالقوانين العربية- The Multiplicity of Guardians in the Kuwaiti Civil Law: An Analytical Juristic Study Compared to Arab Laws

يتناول البحث مسألة تعدد الأوصياء وأحكام تصرفاتهم في القانون المدني الكويتي ومدى توافق مواده مع الفقه الإسلامي، ومقارنتها بالقوانين العربية محل الدراسة، وجاء البحث في خمسة مباحث، مبحث تمهيدي تناول معنى الوصي ودليله وحكمته والفرق بينه وبين الولي، وأما المبحث الأول تناول حكم تعدد الأوصياء في القانون الكويتي مقارناً بالشريعة الإسلامية والقوانين العربية، وأما المبحث الثاني تناول أحكام الأوصياء في القانون الكويتي مقارناً بالشريعة الإسلامية والقوانين العربية، بينما جاء المبحث الثالث متناولاً أحكام اختلاف الأوصياء في القانون الكويتي مقارناً بالشريعة الإسلامية والقوانين العربية، وأما المبحث الأخير فقد تناول أحكام الوصي الخاص في القانون الكويتي مقارناً بالشريعة الإسلامية والقوانين العربية، وكانت من أهم النتائج: إن القانون المدني الكويتي يرى جواز تعدد الأوصياء، ويرى كذلك أن الأوصياء لا يجوز لهم التفرد بالتصرف إلا إذا حدد وخصص لكل واحد منهم تصرف، وأجاز القانون للأوصياء التصرف في الأحوال الخاصة التي لا تحتمل التأخير والتي يكون فيها نفع ظاهر للصغير، وأخذ القانون الكويتي بالرجوع إلى المحكمة عند اختلاف الأوصياء؛ وذلك حفظاً لمال الصغير، وهذا موافق لمقصد الشريعة من حفظ المال، وكذلك أجاز القانون للمحكمة تعيين وصياً خاصاً للمولى عليه في حالة تعارض مصالحه مع مصالح الولي أو الوصي العام؛ وذلك تحقيقاً لمصلحته، ومحافظة على ماله. الكلمات المفتاحية: القانون، الأوصياء، الوصي الخاص، اختلاف الأوصياء. This research tackles the issue of the multiplicity of trustees, the provisions of their acts in the Kuwaiti Civil Law, the extent its articles comply with the Islamic jurisprudence, and the comparison between the Arab laws under study. The research includes five topics. First, it includes an introductory topic dealing with the meaning of the trustee and its evidence and wisdom and the difference between the trustee and the guardian. The first topic deals with the provision of multiple trustees in the Kuwaiti law compared to the Islamic Sharia and the Arab laws; the second topic deals with the provision of trustees in the Kuwaiti Law compared to the Islamic Sharia and the Arab laws; the third topic deals with the provisions of the difference among the trustees in the Kuwaiti Law compared to the Islamic Sharia and the Arab laws, and the final topic deals with the provisions of the special trustees in the Kuwaiti Law compared to the Islamic Sharia and the Arab laws. The most important findings reveal that the Kuwaiti Civil Law authorizes the multiplicity of trustees and believes that the trustees may severally act only if such acts are specified and assigned to each of them. It also shows that the Law permits the trustees to act in special cases that cannot be delayed and in which there is an apparent benefit to the young child. The Kuwaiti Law stipulates that when the trustees differ, the matter shall be referred to the court to preserve the child\u27s money, and this goes in line with the Sharia\u27s purpose for preserving the money. In addition, the Law authorizes the court to appoint a special trustee for the minor in trust whenever his interests conflict with the interests of the guardian or general trustee to achieve the child\u27s interests and preserve his money. Keywords: Law, Trustees, Special trustee, Difference among the trustees

A study on eosinophilic and Lymphocytic esophagitis in patients with typical gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has emerged as an important gastrointestinal (GI) disorder during the last 15 years, affecting approximately 15% of patients with dysphagia EoE presents a diagnostic challenge because eosinophils are also a feature of acid-induced esophagitis.The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the presence of eosinophilic and lymphocytic esophagitis in patients with typical gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective study which was conducted on 200 patients, to estimate the prevalence of eosinophilic and lymphocytic esophagitis in patients with typical gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms.Results: Regarding serum IgE as laboratory investigation, all the cases 6 (100%) diagnosed to have EoE showed elevated level of serum IgE level ((normal range was used according to the laboratory was: 0 – 165 IU/ml). There was statistical significance for the presence of elevated serum IgE level and peripheral serum eosinophilia between positive and negative cases for EoE Conclusion: Eosinophilic esophagitis is not uncommon disease and presented in 6 cases out of 200 patients having typical symptoms of GERD. All the positive EoE cases having history of allergy and most of them are asthmatic

Improved artificial neural networks based whale optimization algorithm

Owing to the increasing interest in artificial neural networks (ANNs) across various fields of study, many studies have focused on enhancing their performance through the utilisation of different learning algorithms. This study examines the use of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) as a training algorithm to improve the classification accuracy of ANNs. To achieve a high level of classification accuracy with ANN models, it is imperative to ensure that the model is appropriately designed in terms of the employed structure, training algorithm and activation function. In this work, WOA was adopted to train ANN models using 10 well-known datasets sourced from the UCI machine learning repository. The classification accuracy of a WOA-trained ANN was compared with that of a backpropagation-trained ANN, and the results showed that the WOA-trained ANN exhibited superior performance