Prevalence of Hepatitis-B and Hepatitis-C viruses among HIV infected subjects attending Wad Medani VCT/ART centre, Gezira State, Sudan

Objectives: This is a descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional, hospital based study to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus among Human Immunity deficiency Virus infected subjects in the Gezira State of central Sudan. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on HIV infected subjects attending Wad Medani VCT/ART centre from Dec. 2010 to March 2011. Epidemiological and demographic characteristics were recorded and participants were interviewed for risk factors of viral hepatitis infection. Blood samples were then collected and tested for HBsAg and HCV antibodies. Results: A total of 50 subjects were screened with a mean age of 36.39±13.57, 52% were males, HBsAg and HCV antibodies were reactive in 8% and 0% (none) of the studied group, respectively. Conclusion: This study shows that the prevalence of HBV/HIV co-infection is consistent with both regional and global rates, while HCV/HIV co-infection is low in the studied group. ملخص: الأهداف: تحديد شيوع الإصابة بالتهاب الكبد الحموى ب (HBV) و ج (HCV) وسط المرضى المصابين بحمى عوز المناعة المكتسب (HIV  ) بولاية الجزيرة وسط السودان. المرضى و الوسائل: هذه دراسة وصفية توقعية مقطعية مبنية على المستشفى. أجريت الدراسة في المرضى المصابين بحمى عوز المناعة المكتسب المترددين على مستشفى ودمدني مركز ART/VCT في الفترة بين ديسمبر 2010م و حتى مارس 2011م الميزات الوبائية والملامح السكانية رصدت و تمت معاينة المشاركين لمعرفة عوامل الخطورة للإصابة بحمى الكبد. جمعت عينات الدم و تم فحصها للمضاد المناعي HBsAg و مضاد حمى ج HCV . النتائج:  مجموع 50 حالة تم مسحها بمتوسط عمر 36.39 ± 13.57  . نسبة ذكور كانت 52% من الحالات. مضادات HBsAg  وHCV   كانت متفاعلة في 8% و 0% (لا يوجد) على التوالي. الخلاصة: أوضحت الدراسة شيوع الاصابة بالتهاب الكبد الحموى ب HBV وسط المصابين HIV تتماشى مع معدلات شيوع الإصابة الإقليمية و العالمية . بينما الاصابه الحمى الكبدي ج (HCV) كان ضعيف فى المجموعه المدروسة

Endoscopic Sclerotherapy for Bleeding Oesophageal Varices: Experience in Gezira State, Sudan

Introduction Bleeding due to oesophageal varices is the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage in Gezira State, Central Sudan. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EST) is a valuable therapeutic modality for the management of variceal bleeding. Other options for treatment such as variceal band ligation are either expensive or unavailable. Objectives A retrospective study to evaluate the outcome of (EST) in the management of bleeding oesophageal varices due to portal hypertension in Gezira State, the centre of a developing country, Sudan. Methods A total of 1073 patients, during 2001-2010, were carefully selected particularly those with bleeding oesophageal varices consequent to portal hypertension. EST was performed using a standard technique and ethanolamine oleate (5%) was utilized as sclerosing agent. Results There were 777 males (72.4%) and 296 females (27.6%) in a ratio of 2.6. The causes of portal hypertension were found to be schistosomal periportal fibrosis (PPF) in 1001 (93.3%) patients, liver cirrhosis in 60 (5.5%) mixed PPF and cirrhosis in seven (0.7%) and portal vein thrombosis in five (0.5%) patients. Full obliteration of varices required a mean of four sessions with a range of 2-6. In the present study 350 (32.6%) patients have been followed up until complete sclerosis of varices. Conclusion This study provides evidence that endoscopic injection sclerotherapy is an important component in the management of bleeding oesophageal varices caused by hypertension. It is a safe and effective procedure