Proactive Caching for Energy-Efficiency in Wireless Networks: A Markov Decision Process Approach

Content caching in wireless networks provides a substantial opportunity to trade off low cost memory storage with energy consumption, yet finding the optimal causal policy with low computational complexity remains a challenge. This paper models the Joint Pushing and Caching (JPC) problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and provides a solution to determine the optimal randomized policy. A novel approach to decouple the influence from buffer occupancy and user requests is proposed to turn the high-dimensional optimization problem into three low-dimensional ones. Furthermore, a non-iterative algorithm to solve one of the sub-problems is presented, exploiting a structural property we found as \textit{generalized monotonicity}, and hence significantly reduces the computational complexity. The result attains close performance in comparison with theoretical bounds from non-practical policies, while benefiting from higher time efficiency than the unadapted MDP solution.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, submitted to IEEE International Conference on Communications 201

On receiver design for low density signature OFDM (LDS-OFDM)

Low density signature orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (LDS-OFDM) is an uplink multi-carrier multiple access scheme that uses low density signatures (LDS) for spreading the symbols in the frequency domain. In this paper, we introduce an effective receiver for the LDS-OFDM scheme. We propose a framework to analyze and design this iterative receiver using extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts. Furthermore, a turbo multi-user detector/decoder (MUDD) is proposed for the LDS-OFDM receiver. We show how the turbo MUDD is tuned using EXIT charts analysis. By tuning the turbo-style processing, the turbo MUDD can approach the performance of optimum MUDD with a smaller number of inner iterations. Using the suggested design guidelines in this paper, we show that the proposed structure brings about 2.3 dB performance improvement at a bit error rate (BER) equal to 10-5 over conventional LDS-OFDM while keeping the complexity affordable. Simulations for different scenarios also show that the LDS-OFDM outperforms similar well-known multiple access techniques such as multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) and group-orthogonal MC-CDMA

Assessment of the Affecting Elements on the Quality of Life and Human Well-Being in Congested Urban Centers; Case Study: Sulaymaniah City

This Study is an empiric- analytical research in city planning discipline was conducted in Sulaymaniyah city from Dec. 2015 until July 2017. Geographically Sulaymaniah situates north-east of Republic of Iraq. Like many other urban centers, Sulaymaniyah city as one of the congested urban areas in Kurdistan Region, is almost over populated and congested, resulting in accumulated problems in health-, economical-, services, technical-, social- and planning affairs, which leads to permanent degrading of the natural, and social environment and thus impact on the quality of life, Thus the main concern of this study is firstly finding out the reasons facts indeed responsible for the above described unsatisfied situations and then try to answer the questions whether planning methods (if any) manage to prepare answers to these urgent problems overwhelming the city? The study believes that the cardinal reasons for this situation are the effects of combinations of triple facts, namely: the exponential growth of human population in general- and accompanied problems-, the destroyed balance between rural and urban areas and the political vision of administrative machinery that focus on urban centers by neglecting countryside. The cumulative effect of these facts could be observed in form of many distinctive and at the same time interlocking elements leads to the problems that mentioned above. Among many elements involving, the study handles, analyzes and discusses only the elements indeed responsible for destroying the visual, physical and health conditions of the city inhabitants in Sulaymaniyah. Used criterion in determining these elements are the terms: active element, Passive Element, Critical element, and buffer element, which give the adequate answer to the arise questions

أثر استخدام وضعي المشي والجلوس على استشفاء النبض القلبي بعد جهد بالقدرة الهوائية

احتوت البحث على التقدم العلمي والتقني في كافة الميادين المختلفة وخاصة في المجال الرياضي ودور هذا التطور في المجال الرياضي ، وعناصره الاساسية من الشدة وحجم وفترات الراحة وعملية التكيف للجهد الهوائي واللاهوائي .....وتكمن اهمية الدراسة في عودة الشفاء وافضل وضع ممكن ان يتخذه الرياضي حسب نوع الجهد وتأثيره على بعض المتغيرات الوظيفية .....اما مشكلة البحث انحصرت في معانات مدريبي العاب الساحة والميدان وبسبب زيادة عدد تكرارات والمجاميع حيث تؤدي بالرياضي الى التعب،ولمعرفة افضل طريقة يكون عليه وضع الجسم بعد الجهد الهوائي تبلورة مشكلة البحث.ويهدف البحث إلى×التعرف على معدل ضربات القلب بعد الجهد لدقائق (1، 3 ، 5) من الاستشفاء في وضع المشي والجلوس.×التعرف على الفرق في المعدل ضربات القلب بعد الجهد لدقائق (1، 3 ، 5) من الاستشفاء مابين وضع المشي والجلوس.وفرض البحث كانت ×هناك فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في معدل ضربات القلب بعد الجهد لدقائق (1، 3 ، 5) من الاستشفاء مابين وضع المشي والجلوس.وتم استخدام المنهج الوصفي باسلوب المقارنة لملائمته لطبيعة البحث واهداف البحث اما عينة البحث تم اختيارها من طلاب كلية التربية الرياضية / جامعة كويه ، والبالغ عددهم (7) طالباً .وتوصل الباحث الى الاستنتاجات التالية .×هناك فروق معنوية في معدل ضربات القلب مابين وضعي المشي والجلوس في فترة ماقبل الجهد ولصالح وضع المشي .×هناك فروق معنوية في معدل ضربات القلب مابين وضعي المشي والجلوس في فترة الاستشفاء بعد الجهد الهوائي لمدة الدقائق الخمسة الاولى ولصالح وضع الجلوس .×يمكن استخدام وضع الجلوس لاستعادة الشفاء بين التمرينات او بعد الانتهاء من الوحدة التدريبية