Funktionelle Veränderungen bei operativer Behandlung der epiretinalen Gliose

With the increasing aging in our society, ERM represents one of the treatable causes of vi-sion impairment, especially in elderly people. Patients with ERM present with reduced and distorted vision, metamorphopsia, and nonspecific visual disturbances. The diagnosis of the ERM is based on clinical finding, mainly on a dilated fundus examination or fundus pho-tograph. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the retina can nowadays be ob-tained using OCT cross-sectional images. ERM can be surgically well manageable with con-sequent reduction of metamorphopsia and improvement in vision. Despite all of the innovations in the field of vitreoretinal surgery, currently, there is not any possibility to capture the extent of the distortion, while other subjective testing methods such as visual acuity and central visual field, can be quantified. The study demonstrated that the new AMD® test can be used in clinical setting to detect and quantify the severity of metamorphopsia in patients with ERM. Moreover, a computer or mobile application for the AMD® test allows self-monitoring at home, which could strengthen the patient’s self-efficacy and has good promise of detecting metamorphopsia in the future. Especially taken into account the current situation with COVID-19 pandemic, when doctor visit is not alawys possible, in this case patients can monitor themselves at home and visit the ophthalmologist only when the score is changed. In this study, the degree and severity of metamorphopsia in patients with ERM pre- and postoperatively was quantified using the AMD® test. Results showed a significant and con-tinuous improvement in visual acuity and in metamorphopsia postoperatively. The metamorphopsia is a new clinical aspect, which could be used besides the visual acuity in observing operation outcomes and follow-up patients. To the best of our knowledge, no other studies have yet quantified the metamorphopsia using the AMD® test in patients with ERM. Larger studies with longer observation periods are crucial to evaluate the long-term morphological changes of metamorphopsia in patients with ERM.2021-04-0

The Legal Protection of Children's Rights due to Parental Divorce in Islamic Family Law in Predominantly Muslim Countries

The divorce is a legal event whose consequences are regulated by law. According to Islamic Family Law, it is considered as legal event that has legal consequences for both couple and the children. Many Islamic countries has specified the consequence of divorce law for the legal protection of children as that both fathers and mothers must still maintain and educate their children. Now, their legal systems have extended the interests of the child in both regulations and court decisions. The issue of legal protection for children and the obligations of parents to children has been regulated in various laws and regulations in some Islamic countries. Court decisions obliged the parents to fulfill children's rights as a form of legal protection for children. The purpose of this study is to investigate the legal protection of children due to parental divorce in some Islamic countries. The object for the research was the regulations in the form of Islamic Family Law in Indonesia, Malaysia and Bangladesh. The method is normative juridical with library research technique by analyzing legal documents in the forms of legal literature, regulations or legislation. The findings of this study highlight the role of decision makers and related institutions to strengthen the magnitude of family law and human rights in providing legal protection for children. The findings are desirable to become a practical and theoretical reference in synchronizing the interests between justice values and the need for family law reconstruction to fulfil children’s interests in parental divorce cases

Lacrimal stenting versus three-snip punctoplasty for treatment of punctal stenosis or occlusion: An open-label, randomized clinical trial

Background: To compare the short-term anatomical and functional outcomes of, as well as patient satisfaction with, lacrimal stenting and three-snip punctoplasty for the treatment of punctal stenosis or occlusion. Methods: In this open-label, randomized clinical trial, we included 50 eyes of 30 patients diagnosed with punctal stenosis or occlusion. They were randomly allocated to two groups of 25 eyes each, using central telephone randomization. Group A underwent a lacrimal stenting procedure and was subdivided into two subgroups: Group A1 (13 eyes) received polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated perforated punctal plugs, and Group A2 (12 eyes) received closed intubation using a bicanalicular silicon tube. Group B included 25 eyes that underwent three-snip punctoplasty. All eyes were examined after 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Postoperative anatomical success assessing the punctum size, functional success using the fluorescein disappearance test, and patient satisfaction based on epiphora scoring were recorded. Results: Both study groups were comparable in terms of sex and age distribution. Compared to Group B, Group A had a significantly larger punctum size at one, three, and 6-month postoperatively (P = 0.009, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively). The difference in FDT results was significant between the two groups at all follow-up visits (P = 0.008, 0.0001, 0.003, and 0.002, at postoperative one week, one-months, three-month, and six-month, respectively). Likewise, patient satisfaction was significantly different between both groups at all follow-up visits (P = 0.007, 0.001, 0.005, and 0.002, at postoperative one week, one-months, three-month, and six-month, respectively). Conclusions: Lacrimal stenting is an effective method for the treatment of punctal stenosis or occlusion. Overall, the FDT results and patient satisfaction outcomes were significantly better

Fluorescence and Raman spectra of rare earth metaphosphate glasses and pentaphosphate crystals

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN013214 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) SPATIAL ANALYST TECHNIQUES A REFERENCE FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS

The Base Transverse Station (BTS) is one of the main units in the mobile communication system task. It represents the connection chain between the mobile station and the server, and it plays a major role for the completion of the process of communication between users. The towers locations (BTS) and its distributions have negative or positive effect on the active coverage power which affects the communication system. In this paper, the real locations for twenty two towers had been taken and these towers were distributed in six regions in the southern west side of sulaimany city in Iraq. By drawing the pattern for these BTS with radius equal to 200m and 300m using the Geographic Information System (GIS) program, a remarkable difference had been noticed in the radius of these cells. There active coverage areas which are suitable for good communication. Also there are interference regions and weak regions, which are areas with a weak signal or hidden areas; thus both can cause some types of fading. The weakness of the signal at these areas appears because of the irregular distribution of the towers. Finally, this paper summarizes the re-distribution of the towers and as a result the number of the towers had been - eliminated and the - weak area and the - Interference region - had been reduced in order to ensure maximum access of the active coverage area

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) SPATIAL ANALYST TECHNIQUES A REFERENCE FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS

The Base Transverse Station (BTS) is one of the main units in the mobile communication system task. It represents the connection chain between the mobile station and the server, and it plays a major role for the completion of the process of communication between users. The towers locations (BTS) and its distributions have negative or positive effect on the active coverage power which affects the communication system. In this paper, the real locations for twenty two towers had been taken and these towers were distributed in six regions in the southern west side of sulaimany city in Iraq. By drawing the pattern for these BTS with radius equal to 200m and 300m using the Geographic Information System (GIS) program, a remarkable difference had been noticed in the radius of these cells. There active coverage areas which are suitable for good communication. Also there are interference regions and weak regions, which are areas with a weak signal or hidden areas; thus both can cause some types of fading. The weakness of the signal at these areas appears because of the irregular distribution of the towers. Finally, this paper summarizes the re-distribution of the towers and as a result the number of the towers had been - eliminated and the - weak area and the - Interference region - had been reduced in order to ensure maximum access of the active coverage area

A New Discrete Distribution: Properties, Characterizations, Modeling Real Count Data, Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Estimations

In this work, a new discrete distribution which includes the discrete Burr-Hatke distribution is defined and studied. Relevant statistical properties are derived. The probability mass function of the new distribution can be right skewed with different shapes, bimodal and uniformed . Also, the corresponding hazard rate function can be monotonically decreasing , upside down , monotonically increasing , upside down increasing , and upside down-constant-increasing . A numerical analysis for the mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis and the index of dispersion is presented. The new distribution could be useful in the modeling of under-dispersed or overdispersed count data. Certain characterizations of the new distribution are presented. These characterizations are based on the conditional expectation of a certain function of the random variable and in terms of the hazard rate function. Bayesian and non-Bayesian estimation methods are considered. Numerical simulations for comparing Bayesian and non-Bayesian estimation methods are performed. The new model is applied for modeling carious teeth data and counts of cysts of kidneys data

A New Parametric Lifetime Distribution with Modified Chi-square Type Test for Right Censored Validation, Characterizations and Different Estimation Methods

A new three-parameter extension of the generalized Nadarajah-Haghighi model is introduced and studied. Some of its statistical properties are derived. Characterization results are presented. The failure rate can be increasing , decreasing , bathtub , upside-down , upside-down-constant , increasing-constant or constant . Different non-Bayesian estimation methods under uncensored scheme are considered. Numerical simulations are performed for comparing the estimation methods using different sample sizes. The censored Barzilai-Borwein algorithm is employed via a simulation study. Using the approach of the Bagdonavicius-Nikulin chi-square goodness-of-fit test for validation under the right censored data, we propose a modified chi-square goodness-of-fit test for the new model. Based on the maximum likelihood estimators on initial data, the modified Bagdonavicius-Nikulin chi-square goodness-of-fit test recovers the loss in information. The modified Bagdonavicius-Nikulin test for validation under the right censored data is applied to four real and right censored data sets. The new model is compared with many other competitive models by means of a real data set