Comparison of Maternal and Neonatal Outcome Following Cesarean Section at 38-40 Weeks

Background: The rate of Cesarean section is increasing which may be due to maternal and neonatal issues. Preterm Cesarean (at 38-39 weeks) has several morbidities and leads to maternal problems. The goal of this study was to compare neonatal and maternal complications following the performance of the Cesarean section after 38 weeks.Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 1010 subjects with term Cesarean section that referred to Yas hospital, in Tehran, Iran during 2015-7. The participants were divided into three groups based on the week of delivery. Afterward, they were studied for different neonatal and maternal complications.Results: According to the findings, the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes had a statistically negative relationship with the progress of gestational age. Moreover, the rate of hypoglycemia and hyperbilirubinemia and stillbirth was higher in neonates delivered before 38 weeks. Among the maternal complications, the rate of massive bleeding during cesarean section or in the postpartum period was significantly higher in deliveries before 39 weeks, whereas the rate of pelvic infection was higher in deliveries after 40 weeks.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the best time for the Cesarean section is the 39th week of pregnancy which led to the elimination of maternal and neonatal complications

Evidence of familial resemblance and family-based heritability of food intakes derived from a longitudinal cohort study

Abstract We sought to investigate the familial aggregation and family-based heritability of dietary intakes among adults in a population-based longitudinal study of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLSG). Total of 4359 males and 5439 females entered our study. We categorized foods into main groups based on the literature on main food groups and their subgroups among the Iranian dietary habits and food culture as follows: grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy, meats, legume, nuts, beverages, snacks, and fats. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) are estimated to verify familial resemblance of dietary habits for all relative pairs and spouses. Family-based heritability is obtained using a mixed effect framework with likelihood-based approach. For almost all food groups, the correlation between parents and offsprings tended to be larger than those of siblings. Family-based heritability of food groups varies from the lowest 6.36% for snacks to the highest 25.67% for fruits, and 25.66% for legume. Our findings indicated weak-to-moderate similarities between parents' and offspring's food intakes; however, the similarity in parent–child food intakes was different, and the correlation in mother-daughter food intakes was stronger than other parent–child correlations, and almost all of dietary components showed strong family-based heritability

Familial resemblance and family-based heritability of nutrients intake in Iranian population: Tehran cardiometabolic genetic study

Abstract Background We aimed to investigate the familial resemblance of dietary intakes, including energy and nutrients, and the family-based heritability of dietary intake in different age-sex dyads of the Tehran cardiometabolic genetic study. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 9,798 participants, aged ≥ 18 years, with complete data in each of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth surveys of the Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetic study, who were eligible to enter the current study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nutrient intake was determined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). FCOR command of the S.A.G.E. software was used to estimate the intra-class correlation coefficients of all relative pairs to verify the family resemblance of dietary nutrient intakes. Classical likelihood-based is used to assess the family-based heritability of dietary nutrient traits. Results There were 4338 families with a mean family size of 3.20 ± 2.89, including 1 to 32 members (2567 constituent pedigrees and 1572 singletons) and 3627 sibships. The mean ± SD age of participants was 42.0 ± 15.2 years, and 44.5% were males. The heritability of nutrient intake ranged from 3 to 21%. The resemblance degree of energy intake and most nutrients between spouses or between parents and children is weak to moderate; however, a high resemblance of intake was observed for some food components, especially among spouses, including trans fatty acids (TFAs) (r:0.70), chromium (r:0.44), fiber(r:0.35), pantothenic acid (r:0.31), and vitamin C(r:0.31). Based on our findings, the resemblance of nutrient intake in spouses was greater than in parent-offspring. The similarity in parent–offspring nutrient intake was different, and the correlation in mother-girls nutrient intakes was greater than other parent–child correlations. Also, the lowest resemblance in nutrient intake was observed among siblings. Conclusions Our findings suggested a weak-to-moderate similarity between the nutrient intakes of parents and offspring. The resemblance degree in nutrient intake varied between different family pairs; the strongest correlation of nutrients was observed between spouses, which includes TFAs, chromium, fiber, pantothenic acid, and vitamin C. The lowest correlation of nutrients was between siblings, such as carbohydrates, thiamine, niacin, and vitamin K. An individual's nutrient intake can somewhat be influenced by genetics, family relationships, and the effects of parents, although the significant influence of environmental factors should not be ignored